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Chapter 2 – Molecules.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 2 – Molecules."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 2 – Molecules

2 Chemicals of Life Two Main Classes
Inorganic (without Carbon-Hydrogen bonds) Water Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Salts Na, Cl, Ca, K, Mg, Phosphate, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Sulfate Organic (chains of Carbon-Hydrogen bonds attached to other elements, mostly N, P, O) Carbs Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

3 Carbohydrates CH20 Energy supply, build some cell structures
Simple Carbs Monosaccharides (Glucose, Fructose, Galactose) Disaccharides (Sucrose, Lactose) Complex Carbs Polysaccharides (Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose)

4 Lipids Fats (energy storage), phospholipids (cell membranes), steroids (cell signaling) Also made of C, H & O, but less O than carbs (e.g. tristearin is C57H110O6) Building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol (3 fatty acids + glycerol = triglyceride) A fatty acid with all single bonds between the C & H are known as Saturated When there are double bonds, the fatty acid is called Unsaturated Which type of fat is worse? Why?

5 Proteins Humans have over 200,000 types of proteins
Structure, energy, hormones, cell receptors, antibodies, hemoglobin, muscle fibers, enzymes Made up of combinations of 20 different amino acids

6 Nucleic Acids Made of nucleotides Sugar, phosphate, base (AGCT/U)
DNA & RNA Carry instructions for making the cell’s proteins

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