Photosynthesis & Cellular Respirtaion Remember Cornell Format

What is photosynthesis? The process which plants make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Photosynthesis is broken into two stages.

Photosynthesis Materials Sunlight is trapped by the pigment chlorophyll in the chloroplast Water is taken in by the roots Carbon dioxide is taken in by the stomata on the underside of the leaves.

Photosynthesis Products Oxygen is breathed out by the plants through the stomata Glucose is stored in the plant and only obtained by eating the plant.

What happens in the 1st stage of photosynthesis? Light-dependent reactions where light passes through the thykaloid membrane and down the electron transport chain. ATP, Oxygen and NADPH are formed during this process.

What happens in the 2nd stage of photosynthesis? The second stage of photosynthesis is the light-independent reaction. It is called the Calvin Cycle The Calvin Cycle uses the ATP and NADPH (from the 1st stage) to produce the sugar glucose.

What are chemical equations? The way scientist represent a chemical reaction on paper. Materials Products The arrow is read as yields

Where does photosynthesis occur? Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of plant cells. Chlorophyll in the chloroplast make the plants green because they don’t absorb the green light.

Photosynthesis Light

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? Amount of water Light intensity Temperature

What is ATP? A common form in which energy is stored in living things.

What is ADP? Molecule formed when you break off a phosphate group for ATP; release energy.

ATP vs. ADP ATP-three phosphate groups ADP-only two phosphate groups

ATP & ADP The energy released from ATP breaking a phosphate bond is used for cellular activities.

What is respiration? Glucose + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP Glucose is C6H12O6 The process in which cells turn glucose into energy for running cellular activities. Cells need glucose and oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. Cellular respiration takes place in 2 stages Glucose + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP Glucose is C6H12O6

What is the 1st stage of respiration? The first stage of occurs in the cells cytoplasm and is conducted by the lysosomes. It is an anaerobic process. It is called glycloysis. 2 ATPs are produced

What is the 2nd stage of respiration? The second stage occurs in the mitochondria. It is in two parts. It is aerobic. 1st is the Krebs cycle. For every turn through the cycle ATP and 2CO2 2nd is the electron transport chain in which 2H2O and ATP Total 36 ATPs are produced during the two parts of 2nd stage of respiration

Where it happens--Mitochondria

Photosynthesis & Respiration They complement each other as each ones products are the materials are needed for the other.

What happens when O2 isn’t available? Fermentation takes place when oxygen is available and energy is needed. Two types of fermentation Alcoholic—energy, alcohol and carbon dioxide are the products Lactic Acid—energy and lactic acid are the products (2 ATPs produced) Occurs in humans when need more energy than oxygen breathed in.

Fermentation Yeast is used in alcoholic fermentation. Energy is produced without oxygen.

Fermentation Lactic Acid occurs when you exercise strenuously and are unable to breathe in enough oxygen. Lactic acid causes the muscles to hurt.

What are the key terms? Anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Autotroph Heterotroph Pigment Chlorophyll Cellular respiration Photosynthesis