Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS Chapter 24 Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Lesson 1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Communicable Disease Infection Virus Bacteria Toxins Fungi Protozoa A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment Infection A condition that occurs when pathogens in the body multiply and damage body cells Virus A piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat Take their course in the body, the cells multiply until the immune system kills them off Bacteria Single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere Most are harmless, some are helpful (digestion) Toxins Disease-causing bacteria Substances that kill cells or interfere with their functions Can be treated with an antibiotic Fungi Plantlike organisms, cause disease of the lungs, the mucous membrane, and the skin Protozoa Single-celled organism that are larger and more complex than bacteria Rickettsias Resemble bacteria, often enters the body through insect bites

What are STDs? Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Infections spread from person to person through sexual contact aka, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Communicable diseases Viruses or Bacterial infections In order for infection to occur, direct genital contact or the exchange of semen or other body fluids with someone infected must occur Asymptomatic The individual show no symptoms, or the symptoms are mild and disappear after the onset of the infection

Common STDs: the Top 6 Genital HPV Infections Chlamydia Genital Herpes Caused by HPV (human papillomavirus) Over 100 kinds Cause genital warts, cervical cancer Chlamydia Bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs Most common STD among teens Often produces no symptoms Genital Herpes Caused by herpes simplex virus Herpes simplex 1 causes cold sores around the mouth Herpes simplex 2 causes genital sores Gonorrhea Bacterial STD affecting the mucous membranes Asymptomatic for males and mild symptoms for females Left untreated can cause infertility Trichomoniasis Caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra and bladder Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina characterized by discharge, odor, irritation, and itching Syphilis Caused by a spirochete, small bacterium Develop sores in the genital area Three stages: sore, rash, damage of internal organs

The STD Epidemic Epidemic Pandemic Disease outbreak that affects people in the same place and at the same time Pandemic A global outbreak of an infectious disease The US is currently facing an STD epidemic 19 million people are infected with an STD Half are under the age of 24 Go undiagnosed or untreated: Embarrassment or fear Lack of symptoms Misinformation Notification policies

Preventing and Treating STDs Lesson 2 Preventing and Treating STDs

Prevention Through Abstinence Most successful in preventing STDs Bacterial infections can be treated or cured with antibiotics A class of chemical agents that destroy disease-causing microorganisms while leaving the patient unharmed Viral infections are incurable STDs left untreated or not diagnosed early can result in serious permanent damage or long-term health consequences

Guidelines for Staying Committed to Abstinence Set personal limits on physical affection Avoid dating someone who is sexually active or who pressures you to go beyond your limits Avoid situations where you may feel pressured to engage in sexual activity Avoid people who make fun of your decisions or urge high-risk behaviors Choose group outings where you can enjoy the company of friends and avoid pressure to engage in sexual activity Be clear about your decision to practice abstinence Practice refusal skills

High-Risk Behaviors Being sexually active with more than one person Engaging in unprotected sex Engaging in sexual activity with high-risk partners Using alcohol and other drugs

HPV Vaccine A vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer, precancerous genital lesions (or sores), and genital warts caused by genital HPV infection Protects against 4 types of HPV infections

Diagnosing and Treating STDs

Genital HPV Infections

Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Trichomoniasis

Syphilis

And More….