1. CHAPTER 25: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS THE RISKS OF STD’S

2. LESSON 1: THE RISK OF STD’S Define the following terms from Lesson 1: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Infections Epidemics Abstinence

3. STD’S: THE HIDDEN EPIDEMIC What are STD’s? These are infectious diseases that spread from person to person through social contact. What is an Epidemic? When a disease occurs that affects many people at the same place at the same time. We are now facing an STD epidemic How do these go hand in hand? Many people with STD’s do not know that they are infected so they pass them on to other people. Some people who have been tested and have a positive test do not report it to the health department. Therefore, we see an outbreak of cases occurring in many people at the same time.

4. WHAT ARE HIGH-RISK SEXUAL BEHAVIORS? List what you may think would be considered risky behavior when talking about sexual activity. Being Sexually active with more then one person Most teens do not know about their partners past behavior. They do not know if he or she has an STD Engaging in unprotected sex Barrier protection does not always work. Abstinence is the only 100% effective way Choosing high risk partners These are people who have a history of being sexually active. These may also be people who inject illegal drugs Using alcohol and other drugs Using alcohol or other drugs can make you forget your values.

5. CONSEQUENCES OF STD’S Some STD’s do not have a cure Antibiotics do not work on some STD’s. The viruses that cause herpes and AIDS stay in the body for life. Some STD’s cause cancer Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer Some STD’s affect the ability to reproduce Females can develop pelvic inflammatory disease which harms female organs and may cause sterility Some STD’s can pass from an infected female to her child before, during, or after birth. STD’s can harm the bones, nerves, and brain of fetus. Babies may be blind or get pneumonia.

6. LESSON 2: COMMON STD’S Define the following terms from Lesson 2: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Chlamydia Genital Herpes Gonorrhea Trichomoniasis Syphilis

7. WITH YOUR GROUP YOU ARE TO: -List the Symptoms of your STD -Describe the short and long term effects -List any treatment that is available (if there is one) 1-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 2-Chlamydia 3-Genital Herpes 4-Gonorrhea 5-Trichomoniasis 6-Syphilis

8. HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS  This is a virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection.  An asymptomatic infection is one that does not show any symptoms  This is the most common type of STD  There is no treatment  http://www.cdc.gov/std/HealthComm/fact_sheets.htm http://www.cdc.gov/std/HealthComm/fact_sheets.htm

9. These are pink or red warts. They have tops that look like cauliflower. They appear on the genitals, vagina, or cervix one or two months after infection with HPV. They are very contagious. The warts can be treated but the infected person has the virus for the rest of his or her life. It may cause cervical cancer or cancer of the penis. http://www.cdc.gov/std/HealthCo mm/fact_sheets.htm GENITAL WARTS

10. CHLAMYDIA A bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females. There are NO visible symptoms. Some people may have a discharge from the genitals and a burning while urinating, You can treat it with antibiotics. If left untreated it can lead to infertility. http://www.cdc.gov/std/HealthComm/fact_sheets.htm http://www.cdc.gov/std/HealthComm/fact_sheets.htm

11. GENITAL HERPES This is an STD caused by the herpes simplex virus (HPV). There are two types *Type I usually causes cold sores *Type II usually causes genital sores Both types can infect the mouth and genitals. Most people who have genital herpes do not know that they have it. Some people get blister-like sores once in a while. You can treat it with medicine, but there is no cure it stays in the body for life. http://www.cdc.gov/std/HealthComm/fact_sheets.htm

12. GONORRHEA This is a bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes. Symptoms: *Males may have discharge from the penis and painful urination *Females may have vaginal discharge and burning when urinating. Many females do not have symptoms. You can treat it with antibiotics. If not treated it can lead to infertility. http://www.cdc.gov/std/HealthComm/fact_sheets.htm

14. TRICHOMONIASIS STD caused by microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder. *Females may have no symptoms *Females may have vaginitis- this is a swelling and pain in the vagina that causes discharge, odor, and itching. *Males may have no symptoms. *They may have itching or discharge from the penis or burning after urination. http://www.cdc.gov/std/HealthComm/fact_sheets.htm

15. SYPHILIS An STD that attacks many parts of the body. It is caused by spirochete, which is a small bacterium. *The first sign is a red sore or chancre. This will heal but the infection will spread to the rest of the persons body. It can damage many internal organs. It can cause blindness and heart disease. It is vital to get early treatment. http://www.cdc.gov/std/HealthComm/fact_sheets.htm

16. SEEKING TREATMENT There are many other types of STD’s, including hepatitis and public lice. Anyone who thinks that he or she may have an STD must go to the doctor right away. -The doctor will keep your visit confidential -The doctor can give you the treatment that you need -Early treatment can prevent some severe, long-term health problems -A person who has an STD has a social obligation to stop the spread of the disease. The person must contact anyone he or she had sexual contact with.

17. LESSON 3: HIV AND AIDS Define the following terms from lesson 3: *acquired immune deficiency syndrome *human imuno-deficiency virus (HIV) *opportunistic infection

18. How HIV Affects the BodyHow HIV Spreads to Others

19. TEENS AT RISK 1.AIDS is a disease in which the immune system of the patient weakens. 2.HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Teens have one of the fastest-growing rates of HIV infection. Many young adults who are dying from AIDS got the infection when they were in their teens.

20. HIV 1. HIV attaches to the cell surface 2. The virus core enters the cell and goes to the nucleus 3. The virus takes over the cell and makes a copy of itself 4. The new virus collects on the surface of the cell 5. The new virus breaks away from the host cell and destroys it 6. The new virus infects other cells and the process repeats itself

21. HIV INVADES T CELLS

22. HOW IS HIV TRANSMITTED? HIV lives inside cells and body fluids. Here are some ways that HIV does NOT pass to other people: 1.HIV does not survive well in the air 2.HIV does not survive on surfaces like toilet seats or telephones 3.HIV does not spread to other people in food 4.HIV does not spread to others by touching

23. HOW HIV IS TRANSMITTED CONTINUED: HIV can only pass from an infected person through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. You can avoid HIV by abstaining from sexual intercourse and avoiding drug use.  Sexual Intercourse  HIV can enter a partner’s blood through tiny cuts in the body. The risk of HIV is greater when a person is sexually active with more then one person. Having an STD that causes sores will increase the risk of HIV  Sharing Needles  A person who injects drugs contaminates the needle with his or her blood. HIV will be on the needle if the person has the HIV virus. Anyone who uses the same needle will inject his or her body.  Mother to Baby  A pregnant female can pass HIV to her baby. HIV can pass through the umbilical cord or during birth. The baby can also get HIV through the mother’s breast milk.

24. LESSON 4: TREATMENT FOR HIV AND AIDS Define the following terms from lesson 3: *asymptomatic stage *symptomatic stage *EIA test *Western Blot Test *pandemic

25. STAGES OF HIV INFECTION Some people have symptoms three to six weeks after being infected with HIV. They may include fever, rash, headache, body aches, and swollen glands. The person may confuse them with the flu. There are two stages of HIV infection that follow: 1. Asymptomatic stage 2. Symptomatic stage

26. ASYMPTOMATIC STAGE Period of time in which the person is infected with HIV has no symptoms. The person may not show signs of illness for six months to ten years. The viruses keep growing. The person can still give the virus to others

27. SYMPTOMATIC STAGE The stage in which the person infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of severe drop in immune cells. The person may have swollen glands, weight loss and yeast infections.

28. AIDS This is the final stage of HIV. The signs are: *Low count of helper T cells *One or more opportunistic infections *HIV attacks the brain cells and causes difficulty thinking

29. DETECTING HIV The EIA test is a test that tests for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood. There are two reasons it may not be accurate 1.Developing antibodies takes time. It may be weeks or even months before the antibodies develop. The EIA could show a negative result during that time even though the person does have HIV 2.Certain health positions. Hepatitis or pregnancy might cause the EIA to give a positive reading. The person does not really have HIV Western Blot Test is the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States. This test is 100% accurate. The person is HIV positive if this test shows HIV

30. RESEARCH AND TREATMENT Open your books to page 664 and look at the timeline on the bottom of the page http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/HIVandItsTreatment_cbrochure_en.pdf

31. CHAPTER REVIEW Page 671 Exploring the Health Terms 1-13 Thinking Critically #2