EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR

Regional issues create differences- Sectionalism  NORTH – URBAN –increase in city population (immigrants moved to the cities =jobs )  Economies differed:  Northeast – Industrial Revolution  Economy focused on shipbuilding and foreign trade so embraced new forms of manufacturing

THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY 1.Agrarian Society 2. “Cotton Is King!”  1860 – 57% of US exports (5 million Bales exported per year) Cotton becomes king of the south which expanded slavery – increased from 700,000 (1790) to 1.5 million in 1820 (many had expected slavery to die out until the cotton gin was invented.

ELI WHITNEY  He revolutionized cotton and slavery (many had expected slavery to die out until the cotton production increased=demand for labor)  Whitney – interchangeable parts which paved the way for mass production= market economy  Who else used mass production?

 1787 Northwest Ordinance said all states north of the Ohio river would be free of slavery. This law did not solve the problem of slavery.  1819 – Missouri wanted to enter statehood as a slave state. ( By this time their was an even number of free and slave states. )  Slavery became a national issue  Congress was deadlocked.  Then in 1820 Maine wanted to join the Union as a free state.  Missouri Compromise – Missouri enters as a slave state and Maine enters as a free state. Line 36 North – slavery would be banned. South of this line – slavery is permitted.  THIS PLEASED NO ONE!

MAP ACTIVITY

 I have favored this Missouri compromise, believing it to be all that could be effected [accomplished] under the present Constitution, and from extreme unwillingness to put the Union at hazard [risk]... If the Union must be dissolved, slavery is precisely the question on which it ought to break. For the present however, the contest is laid asleep.  —John Quincy Adams, 1820

Age of Jackson Age of Jackson

Election of 1824  Second election that is decided in the House of Representatives!  John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts  Andrew Jackson of Tennessee  William Crawford of Georgia  Henry Clay of Kentucky

 All 4 men ran as Republicans because there was not a multitude of political parties  Even though Andrew Jackson received the most POPULAR vote, no man received a majority of the ELECTORAL vote.  The Constitution states of the three highest electoral vote getters, the House of Representatives must choose the winner

 Andrew Jackson  John Quincy Adams  William Crawford – suffers a stroke - out  Henry Clay – lowest votes – out   Henry Clay (who also ran for President) was the Speaker of the House and was able to manipulate the choice. He despised Andrew Jackson….   So ADAMS WINS!

 Several days later Henry Clay was chosen Secretary of State.  Many Jacksonians felt that a deal was made between Clay and Adams (never proven)

The only President to become a member of the House of Representatives after being President. (slept a lot!) John Quincy Adams Despite corruption charges the system continues…

ELECTION OF ANDREW JACKSON  1824 – Jackson lost to J. Q Adams  1828 – Jackson beat Adams  Jackson –champion of common people – “Old Hickory”  Gave many jobs to friends  Spoils system

Indian removal Act  Congress and Jackson passed this law which forced Native Americans to move. Govt. paid for the move  1832 –Cherokee took it to court and Supreme Court sided with Cherokees but Jackson refused to abide by it.

 Jackson said "John Marshall (Supreme Court) has made his decision; let him enforce it now if he can.“  Andrew Jackson didn’t plan to enforce the Supreme Court’s ruling to allow the Cherokee to stay where they were!  The President’s job is to enforce the law!! He didn’t do it.

TRAIL OF TEARS  1838 Cherokee were rounded up and sent in groups of a 1000 on the 800 mile journey on foot. More than ¼ of their people died

Nullification and the Bank Wars   Read in Chapter 13 about this and answer the following questions in your notes.   1. What was the Tariff of Abominations?   2. Why did Calhoun and the South see the Tariff of 1828 as such an abomination and raise threats over nullification over it?   3. How did Jackson’s bank war demonstrate the powerful uses to which the modern mass democratic political machine could be put? Was Biddle’s Bank a real threat to the economic welfare of the ordinary citizens to whom Jackson appealed?

TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS   The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy.tariffCongress antebellum

WHIG PARTY   A new party emerges from opponents of Jackson   Whigs – claimed conservatism, progressive, and welcomed market economy   ELECITON of 1836   VP –(Democrats) martin Van Buren wins

MARTIN VAN BUREN- HIGHLIGHTS   Panic of 1837 –   Left over from Jackson’s bank wars – banks stopped accepting paper currency   Banks collapsed- bankrupting hundreds of businesses which put people out of work

ELECTION OF 1840   Whig candidate William Harrison (Old Tippecanoe) defeated Van Buren   Only in office a month-died from pneumonia which he caught giving his inauguration address   VP John Tyler became President

HEADED WEST