Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-1 PowerPoint to accompany Essentials of Medical Language Allan, Lockyer Chapter 7: Respiratory System The Essentials of the Language of Pulmonology

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Respiratory System Lesson 7.1: Upper Respiratory Tract 7-2

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-3 Introduction to the Respiratory System The respiratory tract – nose – pharynx – larynx – trachea – bronchi and bronchioles – alveoli

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-4 Introduction to the Respiratory System Respiration –ventilation inspiration expiration –exchange of gases Functions of the respiratory system –exchange of gases, regulation of blood pH, protection, voice production, and olfaction

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-5 Abbreviations Define the following abbreviations: – ABG – COPD – CO 2 – O 2 – RT

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-6 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following root elements and use each one to form a medical term: – pulmon – spir

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-7 Word Analysis and Definition Change the following terms into the adjective form and define them: – olfacti – fibrosis – ischemia – necrosis – pericardium olfactory fibrotic ischemic necrotic pericardial

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-8 Word Analysis and Definition Some words are taken directly from Latin Greek or French words. Define them and give the plural form: – alveolus – bronchus – cilium – rale – sputum – trachea alveoli bronchi cilia rales sputa tracheas

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-9 Upper Respiratory Tract Structure of the nose – nares – septum – palate Functions of the nose

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-8 Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders of the nose – URI – rhinitis (coryza) – allergic rhinitis – sinusitis – deviated nasal septum – epistaxis

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-11 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following root elements: – mucand purul – nasand rhin What do the two sets of roots have in common?

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-10 Upper Respiratory Tract Parts of the pharynx – nasopharynx – oropharynx – laryngopharynx

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-11 Upper Respiratory Tract Parts of the pharynx – tonsils – adenoids – uvula

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-14 Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders of the pharynx – snoring – obstructive sleep apnea – pharyngitis – tonsillitis – nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-13 Word Analysis and Definition Changes in spelling Change the following terms into the adjective form and define them: –pharynx –nasopharynx –oropharynx –laryngopharynx pharyngeal nasopharyngeal oropharyngeal laryngopharyngeal

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-16 Word Analysis and Definition Changes in spelling –Use the term tonsil to create new words –Inflammation of the tonsils. tonsillitistonsil + l + itis –The surgical removal of the tonsils tonsillectomytonsil + l + ectomy

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-17 Upper Respiratory Tract Parts of the larynx – epiglottis – glottis – thyroid cartilage – vocal cords

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-18 Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders of the larynx –laryngitis –epiglottitis –laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) –papillomas or polyps –carcinoma

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-19 Word Analysis and Definition Define each of terms related to the larynx: –intubation –croup –stridor

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Respiratory System Lesson 7.2: Lower Respiratory Tract 7-20

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-21 Lower Respiratory Tract Parts of the lower respiratory tract –trachea –lungs –tracheobronchial tree –bronchioles and alveoli –pleurae

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-22 Lower Respiratory Tract Parts of bronchioles and alveoli –bronchioles –terminal bronchioles –alveoli –respiratory membrane –surfactant

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-23 Word Analysis and Definition Terms related to the lungs –lobe –diaphragm –mediastinum

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-24 Word Analysis and Definition What word parts do the following terms have in common? What are the meanings of those parts? –expiration –inspiration –respiration

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-25 Respiration Inhalation = inspiration Exhalation = expiration Inspiration + expiration = respiration

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-26 Respiratory Disorders Signs and symptoms –coughing –dyspnea –cyanosis –changes in rate of breathing

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-27 Respiratory Disorders Signs and symptoms –sneezing –hiccups –yawning

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-28 Word Analysis and Definition The following words should not be confused. They look similar. Determine what each means. –dyspnea –dysphagia –dyspepsia

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-29 Word Analysis and Definition What word part do the following terms have in common? Define the word part, then define each term: –bradypnea –dyspnea –eupnea –hyperpnea –tachypnea

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-30 Word Analysis and Definition How are the following terms related? How are they different? –expectorate –hemoptysis –phlegm –sputum

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-31 Respiratory Disorders Disorders of the lower respiratory tract –acute bronchitis –chronic bronchitis –bronchiolitis –pulmonary emphysema –CAO, COPD

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-32 Respiratory Disorders Disorders of the lower respiratory tract –bronchiectasis –bronchial asthma –cystic fibrosis –pulmonary edema

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-33 Abbreviations Define the following abbreviations: –CAO –COPD –CF –CHF

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-34 Word Analysis and Definition How are these two terms related? –auscultation –rhonchus

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-35 Respiratory Disorders Disorders of the lower respiratory tract –pneumonia –pleurisy –lung abscess

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-34 Respiratory Disorders Disorders of the lower respiratory tract –tuberculosis –lung cancer

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Abbreviations Define the following abbreviations: –ARDS –NRDS 7-37

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-38 Word Analysis and Definition Define and state the cause of each disorder: –atelectasis –hemothorax –pneumothorax

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Word Analysis and Definition Compare and contrast the following terms: –pneumoconiosis –asbestosis –silicosis –anthracosis –sarcoidosis 7-39

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Word Analysis and Definition What do the following terms have in common? –aspiration –thoracentesis 7-40

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Respiratory System Lesson 7.3: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 7-41

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-42 Diagnostic Procedures Tests and procedures –spirometer – bronchoscopy –mediastinoscopy –thoracotomy

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-43 Diagnostic Procedures Define the following abbreviations: –FVC –PEFR –CT –CXR –AP –PA –MRA –PET

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-44 Therapeutic Procedures Pulmonary rehabilitation Nutritional support Intubation

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-45 Therapeutic Procedures Pulmonary resection –types Tracheotomy Mechanical ventilation

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 9-46 Pulmonary Pharmacology Bronchodilator Anti-inflammatory Mucolytic Antibiotic Oxygen

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-47 Abbreviations Define the following abbreviations: –CPAP –PDT –PEEP

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-48 Word Analysis and Definition What do the following sets of terms have in common? How are they different? –respirator and ventilator –bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 7-49 Word Analysis and Definition What do the following sets of terms have in common? How are they different? –lobectomy, pneumonectomy, and segmentectomy –thoracotomy and tracheotomy