The Industrial Revolution “bigger, better, faster, more!” Video

Protestant Work Ethic Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Sometimes called the Puritan work ethic, is a value emphasizing the necessity of constant labor in a person's calling as a sign of personal salvation. Protestants beginning with Martin Luther had reconceptualised work as a duty for the benefit of the individual and society.

Enclosure Movement The Enclosure Movement took land that had formerly been owned in common by all members of a village and put it in private hands. This forced MANY farmers off the land and into the cities where they would become the labor force for factories.

Agricultural Improvements Leads to a Large Labor Supply JethroTull’s Seed Drill Enclosure Movement Machines and sheep Few jobs available in the country, more in the city In 1700, 80% of the population of England earned its income from the land. A century later, that figure had dropped to 40%.

Threshing machine The “END” for the peasants! Mwahahahahah 5

Lord "Turnip" Townshend 4-Field crop rotation, improved fertility and harvest. It’s really much better than the 3-Field system! 7

Creation of Financial Markets What shall we invest in? Colonialism expands International trade (like the Triangle Trade) to expand Causing The need for financial markets to invest the new money. Capital ($) to accumulate Causing Causing

The Rise of the Middle Class Rise of “Bourgeoisie” Religious beliefs (John Wesley) encourage work ethic Wealth invested In factories Wealth from trade and colonies

Britain had large quantities of coal & iron Thus England became the "Workshop of the World," 10

The Importance of Science "Knowledge is power" Francis Bacon Scientific knowledge revealed power over nature Labor saving devices would liberate mankind They would save labor which then could be utilized elsewhere

Resources: Power and Machines Burned to power engines Replace animal power Need to be efficient Needed to make engines Scientific Revolution

Colonial Expansion

Causes of the Industrial Revolution New tools and crops More food means healthier people Water and coal Protestant Work Ethic Especially the British

You now have the needed: Factors of Production Land - from Enclosure Movement Labor - from farmers leaving farms and from new machines Capital - from profits from colonial expansion. One additional item that helps is a stable government, no one wants to build a factory in a war zone! Who has the most stable government? 16

Magna Carta Bill of Rights British Parliament

By 1850, England had become an economic titan. Its goal was to supply two-thirds of the globe with cotton spun, dyed, and woven in the industrial centers of northern England. England proudly proclaimed itself to be the "Workshop of the World"

English population 1708 & 1911 19

Chain reaction of Consumerism → ↓ ↑ Video ← ←

Wait till tomorrow to find out the rest of the story… “The Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects"