1. Industrialization Objective: Industrialization had social, political, and economic effects on Western Europe and the World.

2. Understanding Industrialization  Did you ever try to make something by hand?  Maybe you have made a batch of cookies instead of buying them at the store.  Or maybe you have given someone a handmade greeting card, even though it would have been easier to buy one.  Think of the advantages and disadvantages of making something by hand versus buying something that is manufactured and sold in a store.  ???

3. UNDERSTANDING INDUSTRIALIZATION -Consider an item that is carefully made by a skilled crafts worker using simple hand tools in a home workshop. -The result is a one-of-a-kind product. -Making something by hand can be difficult and time-consuming, however, and these two factors make the product expensive.

4. Understanding Industrialization  Goods manufactured in a factory are made quickly.  They are uniform; that is, all the products are identical.  Instead of making an item from start to finish, individual workers perform separate tasks in its production.  This is called specialization.  On an assembly line, a product moves from station to station as workers at each station perform a different task to help complete the product.  The resulting manufactured goods are inexpensive to produce when compared to handmade goods.  During the Industrial Revolution, goods began to be produced in factories by unskilled or semiskilled workers.

5. Assembly Line

6. The Industrial Revolution Begins  The Industrial Revolution was a period of technological advancement and social change that dramatically altered the way in which people lived and worked.  It began in England during the mid-1700s with the introduction of new technology to the textile industry.  A textile is a woven material, or cloth.

7. Conditions that Aided the Industrial Revolution  A number of social, political, and economic factors created the ideal conditions for industrialization.  In England, these factors were 1) a growing and shifting population, 2) an abundance of natural resources, 3) a stable government, and 4) a large supply of capital (money for investment).

8. Growing Population  During the 18 th century, agricultural advancements in Europe led to a food surplus (more than enough food).  Because food was plentiful, the population grew.  At the same time, advances in medicine led to a declining death rate.  This also contributed to population growth.  The increase in population created an increased demand for manufactured goods.

9. Population Shift  In addition to population growth, England experienced a population shift as more people began to move from the countryside to cities.  This rise in rural-to-urban migration was a result of the enclosure movement.  Enclosure took place when landed aristocrats enclosed, or fenced in, common land that peasants had formerly used for farming and livestock.  This made it more difficult for peasants to make their living.

10. Enclosure Movement

11. Population Shift  Enclosure became widely used in the Netherlands during the 1600s.  During the 1700s, the practice became common in England.  Enclosure resulted in more organized and more productive farming, but the loss of land forced many peasants to migrate to towns and cities in search of work.  These displaced farmers eventually provided a source of labor for manufacturing and mining.

12. Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities

18. ABUNDANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES -An abundance of natural resources also contributed industrialization in England. -England had large supplies of coal and iron ore. -Engines and factory machines were forged from iron. -Coal was used to fuel steam engines, the source of power for the new factories.

19. Stable Government  In addition to the abundance of resources, England had a stable government.  Since it had not had a revolution since 1688, people felt secure doing business there.

20. Large Supply of Capital  England’s trade and the income it derived from its colonial empire gave it a strong economy.  Many English people had enough money to invest in new factories and businesses.  Since they felt financially secure, they were often willing to try new ideas.