Organic Molecules vocabulary

Lipids Lipids: Fats and oils. Composed of carbon and hydrogen. They are used to store energy long term. Examples: butter, vegetable oil, found in cell membranes.

Monomer Monomer: Smallest building block of a macromolecule. Used to make other molecules. For example: glucose and fructose are monomers of carbohydrates. Glucose + Fructose together make sucrose.

Monosaccharide monosaccharide: Simple sugars. Glucose and fructose are examples. Larger sugars are made by combining the simple sugars together.

Nucleic Acid Nucleic Acid: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Building blocks of DNA & RNA. Used to store the genetic information of the cell. Ex: DNA & RNA.

Enzymes Enzymes: A protein that increases the rate at which chemical reactions. The enzyme does not change.

Proteins Proteins: Composed of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, and sulfur. Building blocks of amino acids. Examples: muscles in body, collogen in skin, hemoglobin in blood.

Polysaccharide Polysaccharide: Many simple sugars in very long chains. Create molecules to be used for long-term energy storage. Examples: glycogen & cellulose.

Disaccharide Disaccharide: Two simple sugars joined together. Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose.

Polymer Polymer: Long chains of monomers stuck together.

Carbohydrate Carbohydrate: Molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide energy for living things. Examples: glucose, sucrose, cellulose.