Where did Industry Originate? 11.1

Questions Where Industry is located? How did it diffuse? Why is it located there? What makes a place suitable for industry? Connections to the world… Where are the markets? Where are the resources? Must consider local diversity

Industrial Hearths in Britain The Industrial Revolution originated in areas of northern England in the mid 1700s. Factories often clustered near coalfields.

-”putters-out” picked up and collected Cottage Industries -Prior to 1750, industries were normally spread out since most manufacturing was home-based. -Textiles mainly… -”putters-out” picked up and collected -piece rate

Review Which of the following best captures a structuralist interpretation (dependency theory) of the development gap? A. Less-developed countries fall behind more-developed countries in levels of wealth and development because people in LDCs do not work efficiently. B. LDCs are in stages 2 and 3 of Rostow’s model C. MDCs have reached high development levels because of coal deposits beneath their soils D. LDCs remain poor because they are continually exploited by MDCs seeking resources and labor. E. LDCs will develop in the same pattern as MDCs have, but it will take time and self-improvement.

Review A factory process transforming raw corn into processed baby food falls into which economic category? A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary D) Quaternary E) Quinary

Review As a country industrializes, a decrease in jobs usually occurs in which sector? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) quinary

Review The United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) is based on the assumption that a country’s development A) is directly related to its position in the core or periphery B) is a function of social, demographic, and economic factors C) can improve if countries liberalize trade policies D) is indicated most accurately by its gross domestic product E) is a reflection of its population count

Steam Power James Watt invented a steam engine that was used to increase production…especially in the textile and iron industries.

Remember the limitations What was the labor force like? When could they work? Where did they live?

Steam Power When H20 is boiled it expands 1600x Forces a piston to move Back and forth piston movement can drive machinery Long history of steam power but it was inefficient

Coal Coal was the main source of power for steam engines and blast ovens. What was the main energy source prior to coal? Why was it scarce?

Stephenson’s “Rocket” Transportation Canals and then railroads were used to transport raw materials and manufactured goods more quickly and cheaply Bridgewater Canal Stephenson’s “Rocket”

Textiles Arkwright’s spinning frame helped to establish Britain's position in the nineteenth century as the world leader in textile production

Diffusion across Europe Railroads were built first in Britain and later diffused to other areas of Europe.

Timeline-Think…Why are these so important? 1100-onwards- Colonies 1673- Test Act- Forbid non church workers from working in the government 1701-Seed drill 1759-Canal Act-enabled canal building…1760 1st canal 1761-1st Factory 1764- Spinning Jenny- only 1 person on a loom 1769- Steam power 1793-Cotton gin 1802-Health and Moral act and Electric Battery 1807-Steamboat 1814-1st time more secondary jobs in Britain 1815- Safety Lamp 1820-Proper roads 1824-Portland Cement 1829- Trains 1856- Bessemer Process and Synthetic dyes

Food Processing 1810-canning invented 1839-tin can

Diffusion to the United States The growth of manufacturing in the U.S. was originally slow because: labor and capital was scarce shipping to European markets was expensive

The US textile industry The 1st US textile mill was built in Pawtucket, RI in 1791 by Samuel Slater