1. Economic Activities Industrial Revolution
Intro to Development
Economic Activities
Industrial Revolution

2. Economic Activities Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth’s surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing and forestry
Secondary Sector
The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing transforming and assembling raw materials
Tertiary Sector
The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people, in exchange for payment
Quaternary Sector
Service sector industries concerned with collection, processing and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance and legal services.
Quinary Sector
Service sector industries that require high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research or high-level management.

3. Trends for MDCs and LDCs
More developed countries
LDC
Less developed countries
Trends for MDCs and LDCs
Largest sector?
Smallest sector?
Why?

4. Origins of Industrial Revolution
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, there was the cottage industry
Cottage industry- manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution.
Industrial Revolution- a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
Northwest England, mid-late 1700s
Textile industry
New technology (mechanical looms, spinning jenny, steam engine)
More wealth = new inventions
New use for old energy
Water (factories built in rural areas, new rivers and streams)
Coal (replaced wood as the dominant energy source)
Relatively abundant in England

5. Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution
Effects
Diffusion
New innovations
Technology and medicine
Fewer people died
Population increased
Increased agricultural output to support greater population numbers
Industrial Revolution spread to Europe & North America by the 19th century
Increased demand (raw materials) & consumption (need for new markets)
Contributed to colonialism

8. MDCs and LDCs Brandt Line
Development
MDCs and LDCs
Brandt Line

9. MDC vs LDC Development More Developed Country (MDC)
A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology.
More Developed Country (MDC)
A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development.
Less Developed Country (LDC)
A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development.

10. Brandt Line Brandt Report- 1980 Also known as the “North/South divide”
Divides the more developed North from the less developed South

12. Immanuel Wallerstein World Systems Theory
Theory of a global “core”, “periphery” and “semi-periphery”
Economic and political
Development occurred faster in global core due to exposure to new technologies
Core Periphery Model maps level of development
Underdeveloped countries (periphery) dependent on …
Developed countries (core)
Can be Spatially examined

14. Examples Countries Regions Countries Regions Core Periphery Guatemala
United states
U.K.
Belgium
Germany
France
Canada
Regions
North America
Western Europe
Countries
Guatemala
Democratic Republic of Congo
Yemen
North Korea
Afghanistan
Regions
Sub-Saharan Africa

15. Semi-periphery?
Wallerstein’s theory called for core, periphery and semi-periphery
Over time, the semi-periphery has grown, as the periphery has dwindled
Semi-periphery shares characteristics of both core & periphery
Countries
Brazil
Russia
India
China
Others
Argentina
South Africa
South Korea
MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey)

16. Human Development Index (HDI)
Human Development Index (HDI)- Indicator of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, combining income, literacy, education and life expectancy.
Measure of development conducted by the UN in 1990
Measures development in terms of human welfare rather than money
3 Dimensions (four indicators)
Health
Life expectancy at birth
Education (average of two indices)
Expected years of schooling (at start of school)
Mean years of schooling (at 25)
Living Standards
GNI per capita (NOT GDP)

20. Fastest progress East Asia, the Pacific, South Asia and Arab States
All but 3 of the 135 countries had a higher level of HDI in 2010 than in 1970
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Zambia
Zimbabwe

22. Chapter 10, Figure 10.4 Labeled

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24. Chapter 10, Figure 10.8 Labeled

25. Chapter 10, Figure 10.9 Labeled

26. Chapter 10, Figure 10.10 Labeled

27. Chapter 10, Figure 10.12 Labeled

28. Chapter 10, Figure 10.13 Labeled