2. The Industrial Revolution
How It Changed the WORLD!

3. Pre-Industrialization

4. Pre-Industrialization
People had made goods for THOUSANDS of years before the industrial revolution.
A, Things were made SLOWLY. (low productivity) all BY HAND.
WORKMEN handled all facets of production > different quality goods.
Guilds created production STANDARDS, but prices were HIGH.

5. The Industrial Rev.
Textiles, sewing

6. The Industrial Rev. What was the Industrial Revolution?
Once the IR occurred a. Things made QUICKLY (high productivity), mostly by machine.
b. Workmen handle one discrete task > same quality of mass produced ITEMS.
c. FACTORIES made similar goods with same production standards; prices came down.
Spatial distribution
Work done at a FACTORY.
GOODS sold near and fat.
WORKERS paid by the hour.
b. Industry was clustered in FEW places.
Textiles, sewing

7. The Industrial Rev.
Loom, spinning jenny, textiles

8. Great Britain

9. Great Britain Why did it begin in Great Britain? 1. CAPITALIST system.
a. Guilds had created a middle class of workmen.
People free to form businesses.
Education
Patent system encouraged development.
2. Jethro Tull’s seed drill (1701) and other developments > improved productivity in farming > People could leave farms and work elsewhere.

10. Great Britain
Plow / seeding

11. Great Britain
Thames river, coking coal, royal family, colonies

12. Great Britain Raw materials IRON ORE, COAL
Rivers, canals, harbors EASE IN TRADE
Small, compact size IRON AND COAL NEAR RIVERS AND HARBORS
6. Existing banking system COULD BORROW $ TO BUY MACHINERY,
Stable political system.
Colonies GUARANTED MARKETS, ADDITIONAL RAW MATERIALS
Thames river, coking coal, royal family, colonies

13. Key Developments Steam engine James Watt Adapts to iron industry
Provides a steady supply of hot air for blast furnace
Leads to ease in smelting iron and shaping it into pigs (common size)
Other industries arise from iron industry.

14. Key Developments
STEAM ENGINE adapts to iron industry (iron deposits in Midlands, S Scotland and S Wales.)
Steam engine provides a stead supply of HOT AIR for blast furnace.
> ease in (s)melting iron and shaping it into “PIGS.”
James Watt patents the STEAM ENGINE 1769
WOOD replaces running water as source of energy.
CHANGES location of machinery It was located by running water STREAMS AND RIVERS. Now it can be located wherever WOOD exists (more flexibility)
Steam engine James Watt
Adapts to iron industry
Provides a steady supply of hot air for blast furnace
Leads to ease in smelting iron and shaping it into pigs (common size)
Other industries arise from iron industry.

15. Key Developments Pig iron Other industries arise from iron industry
Wood become scarce, so coal --> coke and factories move to coal fields.

16. Key Developments
Integrated factories where iron in smelted and processed into steel
Need to transport coal and iron that means rail road

17. Key Developments Other industries arise from IRON industry.
Wood becomes scarce > coal > COKE (factories move to coal fields)
- INTERGATED factories where iron is smelted and processed into steel.
Need to transport coal and iron > RAIL ROAD
Integrated factories where iron in smelted and processed into steel
Need to transport coal and iron that means rail road

18. Key Developments Textiles
Steam engine adapts to textile industry - cotton fiber spun into thread (inefficient by hand - efficient by machine)
Thread woven into cloth with power looms is large factories

19. Key Developments Steam engine adapts to TEXTILE industry.
COTTON FIBER spun into thread (inefficient by hand; efficient by machine)
THREAD woven into cloth with power looms in large factories.
Textiles
Steam engine adapts to textile industry - cotton fiber spun into thread (inefficient by hand - efficient by machine)
Thread woven into cloth with power looms is large factories

20. Effects - economic
Economic goods at lower prices

21. Effects - economic ECONOMIC: More goods at lower prices.
Economic goods at lower prices

22. Effects - social City living
Available labor leaves farms and clusters into cities.

23. Effects - social
SOCIAL: Available labor leaves farms and clusters in cities.
Urban blight > pollution
Canned food (encourages a new industry)
City living
Available labor leaves farms and clusters into cities.

24. Effects – political
Child labor

25. Effects – political
3. POLITICAL: Surplus labor > mistreated workers> liberalism and communism become more popular.
Child labor

26. Effects – tech.
Trains and steam ships

27. Effects – tech. 4. TECHNOLOGICAL Rail road and steam ship.
Trains and steam ships

28. Effects – agriculture

29. Effects – agriculture AGRICULTURE: Second agricultural revolution.
Increased productivity
B. Use of machinery > larger farms > enclosures

30. Effects – demographic

31. Effects – demographic
6. DEMOGRAPHIC: Caused movement from stage 1 to stage 2 of DTM.

32. Early Diffusion

33. Early Diffusion
EASTWARD to Belgium, France, and Germany (early 1800s; delay due to Napoleonic Wars.
Further DIFFUSION to Italy, Netherlands, Russia, and Sweden by late 1800s.
US not affected by political instability in Europe; Diffusion by early 1800s.
8,000 spindles of textiles in 1808 > 80,000 by 1811.
By Civil War, US was world’s 2nd largest power.