The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe

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Presentation transcript:

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe

The Christian Church Takes Shape Around 30 C.E.: Jesus teaches to small group of followers Romans persecute Christians 313 C.E.: Constantine legalizes Christianity 395 C.E.: Christianity becomes recognized religion of the Roman Empire In the late 8th and early 9th centuries, Charlemagne helps unify the church.

The Increasing Power of the Church By 1050 C.E.: the Catholic Church taxes everybody (tithe) 10% is largest landowner in Europe has great political power because only clergy could read

The Increasing Power of the Church (cont.) 1073-1085: Pope Gregory VII undertook several reforms forbidding priests to marry outlawing the selling of church offices banned the practice of kings appointing priests, bishops, and the heads of monasteries excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor: Henry IV because Henry objected to the reforms

Sacraments and Salvation Catholic Church states that to achieve salvation one needs to follow the church’s teachings and live a moral life

Seven Sacraments Baptism Confirmation Holy Eucharist Matrimony Holy Orders Penance Anointing of the Sick

Pilgrimages and Crusades Christians went on pilgrimages to visit holy sites and visit relics In England many visited the shrine of Thomas Becket Pilgrimages were made to Rome and Jerusalem Crusades were holy wars to free the Holy Land from infidels

Art and Architecture During the Middle Ages most art was made for religious purposes As people couldn’t read, art helped tell the story of Jesus Cathedrals: were the tallest buildings in town; were named for the chair the bishop sat on; were usually built in the shape of a cross; took 50 –100 years to build.

Education Most schooling took place in monasteries, convents, and cathedrals In the 1200s, universities develop and teach many subjects including: rhetoric and theology Thomas Aquinas tried to bridge gap between faith and reason; created concept of natural law

Holidays Holiday comes from “holy day” Two of the greatest holidays were Christmas and Easter

Monks, Nuns, and Mendicants Monks live secluded religious lives. Monasticism Convents Illuminated manuscripts were created by monks by hand and kept knowledge of the past alive Friars traveled among the people

Monks, Nuns, and Mendicants (cont.)

The Organization of the Catholic Church Clergy Pope Cardinals Archbishops Bishops Priests