1. Church Hierarchy [monarch] Pope Rome throughout Europe
[nobles close to the king]
Cardinals
[lords]
Archbishops
Archdioceses
Dioceses
(large towns)
[knights]
Bishops
Parishes,
monasteries
[peasants]
Priests
Friars

2. Church and State Conflict
Questions: top page 58
Describe the three central figures in the picture and how are they different from each other?
With your table partner:
What seems to be going on between them?
With your group:
Who is in control of the
situation?

3. Conflict between Church (Pope) and State (Monarch)
P. 58 Lay Investiture Video (2:20) Notes (Bullet Points OK)
5 pieces of information on the topic
P. 59 Holy Roman Emperor Henry iv + Pope Gregory vii graphic organizer
P. 60 Vocabulary HW from last night
P. 61 Role of Church in medieval Europe

4. Church
Lay investitures: appointment of bishops, priests, and other church officials by kings
Tithe: 1/10th of annual produce or earnings taken to support the Church
Simony: the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, e.g. pardons or benefices
Excommunicate: to formally deprive a person of membership in the Church
State
Latin was the language of the Church and the only common language of Europe
By 1050, the Church was the largest landowner in Europe

5. Hildebrand, no longer pope, but false monk!
Lay investiture controversy, Gregorian reforms, or just the Conflict between Church and State
No Worries
Excommunicated!
Hildebrand, no longer pope, but false monk!
Wanted to reform corrupt church leaders who plotted with kings to increase their wealth and power
I’m Sorry
Now boys, knock it off
ouch
1075 C.E. – outlaws lay investitures and threatens excommunication to any king who disobeys
Countess Matilda

6. Concordat of Worms (Pactum Calixtux)
Agreement between the Pope, Calixtus II, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry V
September 23, 1122
King was recognized as having the right to invest bishops with secular authority (“by the lance”), but not with sacred authority (“by ring and staff”)
Result was that bishops owed allegiance in worldly matters to both Pope and State
Part of larger reforms put forth by Gregory VII, including celibacy of the clergy, the end of simony, and lay investiture

8. education + the church Schooling took place in monasteries:
Taught people to read and write
→ Which king encouraged people to learn to read and write?
Who were the educated?
Clergy 2. Sons of Nobles entering Clergy
new developments:
form of writing with lower case letters
universities → subjects include: grammar (latin), rhetoric (persuasive speaking + writing), logic, geometry, astronomy, music

9. education + the church
Universities read ancient text from philosophers like ARISTOTLE
Reason or Logic = path to knowledge
Church taught people to be guided by FAITH in GOD
Q: Why did the Church fear universities teaching reason/logic?
A: People might QUESTION the Church’s Teachings

10. Thomas Aquinas Who is he? Italian philosopher + theologian
What did he do?
Tried to bridge gap between REASON + FAITH
Admired Greek philosopher Aristotle
Wrote arguments to show how reason + religious
belief worked together
Created concept of Natural Law

11. Pilgrimages + Crusades
Pilgrimage or journey to a holy site = EXTRAORDINARY act of devotion
Holy Sites include:Jerusalem, Rome, and churches with relics (holy object)
Traveling = difficult
Pilgrims often walked
Robbers were a constant threat
Result = pilgrims banded together others hired armed guard
Popular Routes:
roads + bridges built by local rulers
hostels (a day apart)
**some went on journey because of their SINS or hope to be CURED of illness***

12. Pilgrimages + Crusades
Crusades = military expedition to the HOLY LAND
(AKA Jerusalem)
It was a holy city for Jews, Christians + Muslims
Motives to go on crusade:
wealth
adventure
would guarantee salvation
deep religious feeling of duty

13. Holidays holiday comes from HOLY DAY
Festivals + Fairs = most important days of the year
*every day of year dedicated to:
Christian saint
event in life of jesus
important religious concept
most important holidays = Christmas + easter
Easter
Day of church services
Feasts
Games involving eggs
(symbol of new life)
Christmas
Celebrations lasted 12 days
Christmas day attended church
great feast given by Lord of Manor

14. Holiday Entertainment
What do you like to do at a party?
Music → people sang folk songs
Dancing → instruments made of wooden pipes + Drums
Food → ate baked/fried food + drank wine and ale
Other Entertainment:
Bonfires Acrobats Jugglers dancing bears
Plays → Priests acted out Bible Stories
Often outdoors for more ppl to watch
Mummers = traveling group of actors
Would give elaborate performances