Cardiovascular Systems Taylor, Seth, and Garrett

Blood Components Usually 7-8% of human body weight is from blood. In adults, this amounts to 4-5 quarts of blood. This essential fluid carries out the critical functions of transporting oxygen and nutrients to our cells and getting rid of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other waste products. Also it is very important for the role in our immune system and in maintaining a constant body temperature. Blood is a specialized tissue composed of lots of different components. Four of the most important components are red cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma.

Red Cells (Erythrocytes) Normally make up 40-50% Transport oxygen from lungs to all living tissue of body and carries out carbon dioxide. Red cells are produced continuously in bone marrow from stem cell at a rate of 2-3 million per second. Hemoglobin is the gas transporting protein molecules that make up 95% of a red cell. (Each red cell contains 270,000,000 iron rich hemoglobin molecules)

White cells (Leukocytes) Make up a small portion of blood volume (usually 1% in healthy human) White cells are not limited to blood. They also appear in spleen, liver, and lymph glands. Some white cells are the first responders for our immune system. They bind to alien protein on bacteria, fungi and viruses so they can be removed. Other white cells destroy alien cells and destroy dead or dying cells.

Platelets (Thrombocytes) Are cell fragments without a nuclei that work with blood clotting chemicals at the site of wounds. They also release coagulating chemicals which cause clots to form. They help fight infections by releasing proteins that kill and invade bacteria And they stimulate the immune system 1\3 rd the size of red blood cell and have the lifespan of 9-10 days

Plasma Relatively clear, yellow tinted water/sugar/salt/protein/fat solution which carries red cells, white cells, platelets and some other chemicals. A heart pumps blood to cells throughout the body. Plasma brings nourishment to them and removes waste products of metabolism. Plasma contains over 4,000 chemicals including blood clotting factors.

Red Cells White CellsPlatelets Plasma Diagram of the Artery

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1 Anatomy of the Heart

Tissues of the Heart Cardiac Muscle- Found in the chambers of the heart. Right and left Atrium and right and left ventricle. This is what makes your heart beat 2 3

Tissues of the Heart Smooth Muscle Tissue- Give stability and flexibility to large arteries to allow for contraction and expansion Endothelial Cells- Line the chambers and vessels in the heart. Prevent blood from moving into the muscle and prevent clotting. 3

Chambers Heart has four chambers: Right and left Atria and the right and left Ventricles. – Atria- Hold blood returning to the heart until being emptied into the ventricles – Ventricles- Move blood out of the heart Right ventricle sends blood to the lungs. The left to all other organs in the body4

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Valves and Flow Four Valves: tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and aortic. The valves keep blood flowing in the correct direction through the heart.4 5

How it all works together 2 pumps: Right and Left Right: consists of right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, and pulmonary artery. 4 5

How it all works together Left: consists of the left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, and aorta – Oxygenated blood returns to the heart into the left atrium from the lungs and finally leaves out the aorta. 4 5

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Types of Blood Vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins Venules Arterioles

Arteries Carry blood away from the heart Delivers oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the body 4 main types- Systematic, pulmonary, arterioles, and coronary arteries All arteries except for the pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood across the entire body (4)

Systematic arteries: Deliver blood to the arterioles and later on to the capillaries Pulmonary arteries: Take deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen Arterioles: Carry blood to parts of the body and regulate blood pressure Coronary arteries: Deliver oxygen rich blood to the heart (2)

Capillaries The smallest of the blood vessels but equally important Capillaries line the lungs for taking up oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide Walls are extremely thin for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body Cover large surface area in order to maximize diffusion (1)

Veins Similar to arteries, but carry blood at lower pressure so aren’t as strong Receives the waste rich blood from the capillaries to deliver back to the heart and lungs Vein valves make it possible for veins to resist the force of gravity and travel back up the body Because of the blood’s lack of oxygen in the veins, they have a deep red color, almost maroon Venules carry oxygen depleted blood from the capillaries to the veins (3)

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