1. The Circulatory System

2. Primary Function The function of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients and oxygen (O 2 ) to cells around the body and to remove wastes including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The function of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients and oxygen (O 2 ) to cells around the body and to remove wastes including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The fluid part of this system is the blood. The fluid part of this system is the blood.

3. Three Pathways 1. Coronary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the heart. - If this circulation is blocked= Heart Attack

4. Cont. Three Pathways 2. Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the lungs to gather oxygen.

5. Cont. Three Pathways 3. Systemic circulation is the flow of blood to and from all other organs and tissues of the body. (EXCEPT those previously mentioned)

6. The Heart Heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to lungs and other parts of the body. Heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to lungs and other parts of the body. Atria-P Atrium- S Upper chamber Ventricles – Lower chamber 2 of each A total of 4 chambers

7. Structure of Heart Four chambers Four chambers –Two upper (Atria)  Right atrium  Left atrium –Two lower (Ventricles)  Right Ventricle  Left Ventricle

8. Cont. The Heart Valves - separate the top and bottom chambers and prevents blood from flowing backwards. (one way) Septum- seputm wall that SEPARATES the left side of the heart that contains oxygen from the right side of the that does not.

9. Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation 3 types of blood vessels 3 types of blood vessels –Arteries –Veins –Capillaries

10. Artery (Arteries): carry blood way from heart Artery (Arteries): carry blood Away from heart –Large –Thick- Muscular walled –Oxygenated blood  Exception Pulmonary Artery –Carried under great pressure

12. Veins: Veins: Carry blood to the heart –Carries blood that contains waste and CO 2  Exception pulmonary vein –Blood not under much pressure –Valves to prevent much gravity pull

13. Varicose Veins Damaged Valves in Veins

14. Artery vs. Vein

15. Capillaries: tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins –Smallest vessel –Microscopic –Walls one cell thick –Nutrients and gases diffuse here

16. Some Important Vessels Aorta- Largest artery which sends oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Pulmonary artery – carries blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygen

17. Some Important Vessels Superior vena cava- major vein that carries unoxgenated blood from the UPPER parts of the body. Pulmonary vein – carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart Inferior vena cava- major vein that carries unoxgenated blood from the LOWER parts of the body.

20. Capillaries of head and arms Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs Inferior vena cava Pulmonary vein Capillaries of right lung Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary artery Capillaries of left lung

21. Functions of Blood: Function: Function: 1. Carries Oxygen (O 2 ) to cells (from lungs) and Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) away 2. Carries nutrients to cells from the digestive system 3. Carries wastes to kidneys 4. Blood cells fight infection White Blood Cells (WBC’s) and help heal wounds

22. The Blood Plasma- liquid part of the blood mostly water, some nutrients, minerals, hormones etc. Plasma- liquid part of the blood mostly water, some nutrients, minerals, hormones etc. Body contains 4-6 L Body contains 4-6 L Consists of Consists of –Red Blood Cells –White blood cells and platelets

23. Red Blood Cells (RBC’s)- Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, chemical that carry O 2 and CO 2 contain hemoglobin, chemical that carry O 2 and CO 2 RBC are produced in red bone marrow of RBC are produced in red bone marrow of –ribs, –humerus, –femur, –sternum, and other long bones

24. White Blood Cells (WBC’S)- Leukocytes fight bacteria and viruses; can enter tissues to destroy invaders and absorb dead cells fight bacteria and viruses; can enter tissues to destroy invaders and absorb dead cells Attack foreign substances Attack foreign substances Less abundant Less abundant Large cells Large cells

25. Platelets Platelets- irregularly shaped fragements that release fibrin to help clot blood. Platelets- irregularly shaped fragements that release fibrin to help clot blood. Produced in bone marrow Produced in bone marrow Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers) Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers) –Form a web trapping blood cells

26. Blood Clotting Platelets stick to the wound fibrin form a sticky net which traps blood cells and forms a clot (hardens to form a scab). Platelets stick to the wound fibrin form a sticky net which traps blood cells and forms a clot (hardens to form a scab). Skin cells repair skin under the scab and the body reabsorbs the clot. Skin cells repair skin under the scab and the body reabsorbs the clot.

27. Your Heart: The Vital Pump At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute. At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute. During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute. During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute.