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2 Poetry Learning Targets I can make inferences from a text. I can determine the meanings of figurative and connotative words and phrases. I can analyze the impact of rhymes and other repetitions of sounds on a specific verse or stanza of a poem. I can analyze how a poem’s form or structure contributes to its meaning.

Literary Devices Techniques poets use to add description and meaning to poetry

 A speaker in a poem is the narrator of the poem  Like a narrator of a story, the speaker can be 1st or 3rd person.  Unlike a story, the speaker sometimes (but not always) is the poet. What is the Speaker?

Word pictures that appeal to the senses.

The language and descriptions a writer uses to create images (word pictures).

The attitude portrayed by the speaker (narrator) in a poem

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE devices poets use to describe objects or ideas by comparing them to something else the reader understands

A figure of speech in which non-human things are given human characteristics

10 Example... 10

An exaggeration used for emphasis

12 Example...

A comparison between two unlike things using the words “like” or “as”

14 Example...

A comparison between two unlike things in which one thing is said to be another thing

16 Example...

SOUND DEVICES Ways poets enhance a poem’s meaning through sounds

The use of words that imitate sounds

19 Example...

The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words that are close together in a single line of poetry

21 Example...

Repeating a sound, word, phrase, or line to create music, appeal to emotions, or emphasize an idea

Rhymes occurring at the ends of lines

POETIC STRUCTURES The way poets organize their ideas; some poetic structures have special patterns and meanings

 A group of words arranged into a single row in a poem  A poet can begin a new line for many reasons, including to make a particular rhyme or syllable pattern in the poem What is a Line of Poetry?

 A group of lines in a poem that form a single unit like a paragraph

Poetry that has no fixed syllable or rhyme pattern

Poetry that tells a story *As a reader, look for the same literary elements you would find in a short story: setting, characters, plot (exposition, rising action, climax, falling action), conflict, resolution, theme/central idea.

A poem written to express grief over death, usually a specific person’s death; can be set to music *No specific structural pattern What is an Elegy?

30 Idiom An expression that is not meant to be taken literally. The words that are grouped together form a common expression instead of the actual denotation of the words. 30

Examples The Red Wheelbarrow by William Carlos Williams so much depends upon a red wheel barrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens. LT: I can make inferences. 1) The poet says, “So much depends/upon/a red wheel/barrow.” What does this statement mean? 2) What details are used by the poet to create the mental image of the red wheelbarrow?

Examples Hope Is the Thing with Feathers by Emily Dickinson “Hope” is the thing with feathers - That perches in the soul - And sings the tune without the words - And never stops - at all - And sweetest - in the Gale - is heard - And sore must be the storm - That could abash the little Bird That kept so many warm - I’ve heard it in the chillest land - And on the strangest Sea - Yet - never - in Extremity, It asked a crumb - of me. LT: I can determine the meaning of figurative phrases. 1) The poet compares “hope” to a bird. What type of figurative language is used in this comparison? How can “hope” be like a bird? LT: I can make inferences 2) What does the poet mean when she says that hope never stops singing its song? 3) What does the poet mean when she says that she has heard “hope” singing in the “chillest land”? 4) What does the poet mean when she says that hope “never...asked a crumb of her?”