1. Poetry Honors English 9

2. Objectives:  To identify and interpret various literary elements used in poetry  To analyze the effect that poetic elements have upon the reader  To analyze poetry for the ways in which poets inspire the reader to share emotion

3. What distinguishes poetry from prose? TTTThe Form and Structure TTTThe Language TTTThe Sound

4. Form  The external patter of a poem Its rhythm, Its rhythm, rhyme scheme, and rhyme scheme, and organization by line and stanza organization by line and stanza

5. The Structure of Poetry Created through the organization of  Images  Ideas  Words

6. Organization  Stanzas- Most poems are divided into stanzas, the “paragraphs” of poetry Most poems are divided into stanzas, the “paragraphs” of poetry Each stanza contains a prescribed number of lines- rows of words that may or may not form sentences Each stanza contains a prescribed number of lines- rows of words that may or may not form sentences Some poems have regular stanzas (for example, each stanza may have 4 lines), but others may vary in length of stanzas Some poems have regular stanzas (for example, each stanza may have 4 lines), but others may vary in length of stanzas

7. Language of Poetry  Imagery- descriptive language used to represent objects, feelings, and thoughts Appeal to one or more of the five senses Appeal to one or more of the five senses Intended to remind readers of something they have seen, heard, tasted, smelled, or touched Intended to remind readers of something they have seen, heard, tasted, smelled, or touched

8. Language of Poetry  Figurative Language- words used differently from their ordinary, literal meanings Poets use figurative language to bring power, vitality, and freshness to their writing Poets use figurative language to bring power, vitality, and freshness to their writing

9. Language of Poetry  Figure of speech: a word or expression not meant to be taken literally Examples: Examples: Simile- uses the word like or as to compare two seemingly unlike thingsSimile- uses the word like or as to compare two seemingly unlike things Metaphor- states or implies that one thing IS anotherMetaphor- states or implies that one thing IS another Hyperbole- uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humorHyperbole- uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor PersonificationPersonification

10. The Sound of Poetry  Rhythm & Meter  Rhyme  Sound Devices

11. Rhythm & Meter  Rhythm: the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry A poem’s rhythm can be regular or irregular A poem’s rhythm can be regular or irregular  Meter: the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that can establish the rhythm of the poem The basic unit of measuring meter is the foot The basic unit of measuring meter is the foot A foot usually contains one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllablesA foot usually contains one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables

12. Rhyme The repetition of the same stressed vowel sounds and any succeeding sounds in 2 or more words (ex. stop rhymes with drop) IIIInternal rhyme: occurs when two words in the same line rhyme EEEEnd rhyme: occurs at the end of lines SSSSlant rhyme: occurs when the sounds of words are similar but not identical (ex. soul and all) RRRRhyme scheme: the pattern of end rhyme in a poem

13. Sound Devices A poems’ impact depends not only on what it says, but also on how it sounds.  Alliteration: repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words  Assonance: repetition of similar vowel sounds w/in non-rhyming words  Onomatopoeia: words that imitate the sound of what they describe  Repetition: the repetition of a sound, word, phrase, line, or even an entire stanza

14. Guide to Reading Poetry  Respond to a poem as a whole before analyzing its details  Pay attention to the ways a poem may “refresh language” and make it seem new  Use your emotions, experiences, and imagination to help you create meaning in a poem

15. Guide to Reading Poetry  Read a poem at least 3 times: 1 st time: For enjoyment 2 nd time: For meaning 3 rd time: For structure and language

16. Other Elements of Poetry  Speaker  Tone  Enjambment  Parallelism  Juxtaposition  Paradox  Epiphany  Symbolism  Diction  Apostrophe  Catalog  Repetition  Alliteration  Character

17. Style  The expressive qualities that distinguish an author’s work Includes: Includes: Word choiceWord choice Length and arrangement of sentencesLength and arrangement of sentences Figurative language & imageryFigurative language & imagery

18. Types of Poems  Haiku  Sonnet  Epic  Lyric  Free verse

19. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”

20. Lake District of England

21. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”