Organism response vocab

1. Ecosystem eco-environment or habitat all the living and nonliving things that interact in an area p.266 Example- hawks, ferrets, badgers, snakes, eagles, soil, rocks, temperature, water

2. Habitat The place where an organism lives and that provides the things it needs to survive. Needs: food, water, shelter, and other things it needs to live, grow, and reproduce from its surroundings.

3. Biotic factor Bio- life, of living things a living part of an ecosystem p.267 Example- hawks, ferrets, badgers and eagles, trees

4. Abiotic factor a- not, without a nonliving part of an ecosystem p.268 Examples- water, sunlight, oxygen (air), temperature (weather), soil, rocks, & mountains

5. Organism A living thing

all the members of one species in a particular area p. 269 6. Population all the members of one species in a particular area p. 269 Example- prairie dogs

7. Society A closely related population of animals that work together for the benefit of the whole group. Example: bee hive. Beavers, ant hill, school

8. Community Com- with, together all the different populations that live together in an area p. 270 Example- hawks, ferrets, badgers, eagles

What differences do you see?

9. Immigration Im- before, in Moving into a population. Birds immigrate to Mexico (south)

10.Emigration Em- before, to go into, onto Leaving a population. Birds emigrated from Chicago (north)

11. Limiting factors an environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing p. 277 Examples- food, space, weather conditions

Organisms enter population Birth Immigration Organisms enter population Size of population is limited by food, space and climate All populations in an area make a community Population Same species, same area Carrying capacity of population is maximum number of organisms it can support Population density is number of organisms in an area Organisms leave population Death Emigration

12. Producer Pro- in favor of, forward An organism that can make its own food. autotroph

13. Consumer An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms. hetrotroph

14. Decomposer Organism that breaks down the large molecules from waste and the remains of dead organisms into small molecules and returns important materials to the soil and water

15. Food chain The series of events in which one organism eats another, resulting in a flow of energy among the organisms involved.

16. Food web The pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.

17. Energy pyramid- diagram that shows the energy flow in a community 4th level- least energy 3rd level consumers 2nd level consumers 1st level consumers- herbivores Most energy Sun = photosynthesis producers

Ability to do work or cause change 18. Energy Ability to do work or cause change

Anything that has mass and occupies space 19. Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space

20. Biomass Bio- life, of living things The living or formerly living material in an ecosystem.

21. Stimulus a change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to respond p. 124 – temperature change= cold outside

22. Response an actions or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus p. 125

23. Internal stimuli In- in, into a change from within an organism that causes the organism to respond p. 124 Examples-hunger, thirst, hormones

24. External stimuli Ex- out a change in an organism’s surrounding that causes the organism to react. P.124 Examples- temperature, light, sound

25. tropism The growth response of a plant toward (+) or away (-)from a stimulus Respond to touch- positive

Positive tropisms Positive tropism- plant grows toward stimulus Vines coiling = touch Grow toward light (phototropism) = light Roots grow downward (geotropism) = gravity

Negative tropisms Negative tropisms- plant grows away from stimulus stems grow upward against gravity Negative to gravity, but positive to light Roots are positive to gravity, negative to light

26. hormone Chemical that effects growth and development Fruit, flowers, shedding leaves

27. Phototropism Photo- light Plant response to light All the sunflowers are facing the same way- towards the sun

28. Geotropism geo- Geo- land, earth, ground, soil Plant response to gravity

29. respiration Producers take in carbon dioxide gas during photosynthesis. They use the carbon from the carbon dioxide to produce sugars and starches that are stored in their bodies. A consumer then eats plants. It obtains energy from these molecules by breaking them down into simpler molecules. Carbon dioxide gas is released as a waste product of respiration.

Cellular respiration The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of an organism’s cells.

Cellular respiration- equation Cells use the sugar and oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water

30. Photosynthesis Photo- light The process by which plants and some other organisms capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water.

Photosynthesis- chemical equation sun Makes sugar and oxygen

The cycles work together!

Nitrogen cycle- bacteria break down waste- releasing nitrogen into the air- the bunny eats the plant, eventually dies and returns to the soil and the cycle continues Air = 78% nitrogen