1. Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem
Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids

2. 4 Needs of All Living Things:
Food
Air
Water
Space (habitat)

3. 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2
1. Begins with the SUN
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2

4. The chemical reaction by which green plants use water and carbon dioxide and light from the sun to make glucose.
ENERGY is stored in glucose; glucose is stored as starch.

5. 2. Organisms that can make glucose during photosynthesis are called PRODUCERS.

6. Producers use most of the energy they make for themselves.

7. Producers use cellular respiration to supply the energy they need to live.

8. 6O2 + C6H12O6 -->  6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that releases the energy in glucose.

9. The energy that is not used by producers can be passed on to organisms that cannot make their own energy.

10. 3. Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called CONSUMERS.

11. 3. Consumers that eat producers to get energy:
Are first order or primary consumers
Are herbivores (plant-eaters)

12. Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from the producer is used by the consumer.

13. Some of the energy moves into the atmosphere as heat.

14. Some energy in the primary consumer is not lost to the atmosphere or used by the consumer itself. This energy is available for another consumer.

15. 4. A consumer that eats another consumer for energy:
Is called a secondary or second order consumer
May be a carnivore- eats only animals or a herbivore- eats only plants or an omnivore- eats both plants and animals
May be a predator- the hunter
May be a scavenger- eats dead animals

16. Most of the energy the secondary consumer gets from the primary consumer is used by the secondary consumer.

17. Some of the energy is lost as heat, but some energy is stored and can passed on to another consumer.

18. 5. A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer:
Is called a third order or tertiary consumer
May be a carnivore or a herbivore
May be a predator
May be a scavenger

19. Consumers that eat producers & other consumers
Are called omnivores
Omnivores eat plants and animals

20. 6. Consumers that hunt & kill other consumers are called predators
6. Consumers that hunt & kill other consumers are called predators. The animals that are hunted & killed are called prey.

21. 7. Consumers that eat other consumers that have already died are called scavengers.

22. 8. The transfer of energy from sun to producer to primary consumer to secondary consumer to tertiary consumer can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.

23. 9. Food Chain Sun Producer 1st Level Consumer 2nd Level Consumer
3rd Level Consumer
Decomposer
9. Food Chain

24. Green plants that produce their own food. Get energy from sun.
Producer
1st Level Consumer
2nd Level Consumer
3rd Level Consumer
Decomposer
Eat plants.
Break down dead & decaying plants/animals. Nutrients returned to soil.
Eat animals that eat plants.
Eat animals that eat animals.

25. Another way of showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem is the ENERGY PYRAMID.

26. Flow of Energy
10. As you move through the food chain, the amount of energy decreases between each level.
Let’s look at an energy pyramid.

28. What do you notice about the population size as you go UP the pyramid?

29. Energy pyramids show
That the amount of available energy decreases down the food chain
11. It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers
It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers

31. 12. Food Webs: Are interconnected food chains
They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem

32. 13. Ecosystems
Ecosystem – made of living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) things that interact in a particular environment
What are different examples of ecosystems?
forest, ocean, pond, desert, prairie, mountain
What are the biotic & abiotic factors in one of these ecosytems?

33. Biotic & Abiotic Factors
Biotic- Living
Abiotic- Nonliving

34. 5 levels of our environment
Biome- the climate and types of plants and animals that are found in similar places in the world.
Ecosystem – Within each biome are ecosystems.
Community – A community is made up of the living components of the ecosystem
Population – a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area
Organism – a single individual animal, plant or other living thing

35. Limiting Factors
Limiting factors- a factor or condition that prevents the continuing growth of a population in an ecosystem.
Ex: Disease