Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins

What did you eat for breakfast today? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

This unit is the property of Ryan P. Murphy copyright 2010 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

This unit will help you understand the make-up of complex molecules. Goal: By the end of the of this unit you should be able to describe, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids. This unit will help you understand the make-up of complex molecules.

Area of Focus: SPONCH Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

25 of the 100+ elements are essential for life. SPONCH elements are the most biologically important. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

25 of the 100+ elements are essential for life. SPONCH elements are the most biologically important. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

25 of the 100+ elements in the world are essential for life. SPONCH elements are the most biologically important. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

C Organic Chemistry: The chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon is the duct tape of life. It holds everything together. C

Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace P. Phosphorus 1.0% O. Oxygen 65.0% N. Nitrogen 3.3% C. Carbon 18.5% H. Hydrogen 9.56% Other (Trace) 3.0% Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace P. Phosphorus 1.0% O. Oxygen 65.0% N. Nitrogen 3.3% C. Carbon 18.5% H. Hydrogen 9.56% Other (Trace) 3.0% Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace P. Phosphorus 1.0% O. Oxygen 65.0% N. Nitrogen 3.3% C. Carbon 18.5% H. Hydrogen 9.56% Other (Trace) 3.0% Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace P. Phosphorus 1.0% O. Oxygen 65.0% N. Nitrogen 3.3% C. Carbon 18.5% H. Hydrogen 9.56% Other (Trace) 3.0% Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace P. Phosphorus 1.0% O. Oxygen 65.0% N. Nitrogen 3.3% C. Carbon 18.5% H. Hydrogen 9.56% Other (Trace) 3.0% Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace P. Phosphorus 1.0% O. Oxygen 65.0% N. Nitrogen 3.3% C. Carbon 18.5% H. Hydrogen 9.56% Other (Trace) 3.0% Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace P. Phosphorus 1.0% O. Oxygen 65.0% N. Nitrogen 3.3% C. Carbon 18.5% H. Hydrogen 9.56% Other (Trace) 3.0% Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered. 65% Oxygen Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered. 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

10% Hydrogen 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered. 10% Hydrogen 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

1% Phosphorus 10% Hydrogen 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered. 1% Phosphorus 10% Hydrogen 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Trace 3% 1% Phosphorus 10% Hydrogen 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered. Trace 3% 1% Phosphorus 10% Hydrogen 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

We now know what SPONCH is, what do you think the SPONCH CaFe is? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The next most important elements for life. Ca= Calcium Fe= Iron Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

DNA SPONCH molecules make Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1 Protein (SONCH) Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O) Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH) DNA Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

SPONCH molecules make Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1 Protein (SONCH) Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O) Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

SPONCH molecules make Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1 Protein (SONCH) Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O) Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

SPONCH molecules make Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1 Protein (SONCH) Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O) Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Carbohydrates Function = fuel supply…ENERGY!

Glucose Monomers Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Carbohydrates (sugars) SPONCH Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

(plants only…cellulose) Carbohydrates Function (use): Main source of energy Structural purposes (plants only…cellulose)

(Grains, Plant Cell Walls) Carbohydrates Complex Simple Monosaccharides Fructose, Glucose (Fruit and Sugar) Polysaccharides Starch, Cellulose (Grains, Plant Cell Walls)

6 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Common sugars tend to end in “ose” Ex –glucose. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Can you find the sugar below? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer: Fructose Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Glucose Song. What are some the functions of sugar to the human body described in the song / video? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJvAL-iiLnQ

Cellulose: The Cell Walls in plants. Strong sugar woven sugar that allows plants to be very tall. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Chitin – Insect exoskeleton

Starch is a complex sugar (longer lasting energy) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women. Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the Saltine to make a face. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women. Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the Saltine to make a face. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Testing for the presence of starch. Iodine turns black when in the presence of starch. Draw a picture of each test tube and make a prediction as to which one contains starch. Test the samples on your tray with one drop of Iodine. Which have starch and which do not? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

There are two types of sugars - Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Simple Sugars: Broken down quickly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Complex Sugars: Starch / Fiber / Glycogen / Cellulose / Chitin. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Starch is a major component of bread. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Starch is a major component of bread. We can find starch in breads and pasta, vegetables, and tubers like potatoes and yams. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Candy bars have lots of simple sugars such as glucose and fructose.

Which picture represents simple sugars? B

A B Glucose Fructose Complex Sugars Starch Which picture represents simple sugars? A B Glucose Fructose Complex Sugars Starch

What types of food should you eat before an athletic event? The night before vs. game time. Should you eat the same things, different, talk it over and explain. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer: Simple sugars such as a candy bar or sugar drink will give you quick short burst of energy, while complex sugars such as starch are longer lasting energy but require more time to break down.

Answer: Simple sugars such as a candy bar or sugar drink will give you quick short burst of energy, while complex sugars such as starch are longer lasting energy and require more time to break down.

Eat Complex the night before, more simple during the event. Simple sugars can be broken down quickly for short energy, Complex sugars have more energy, but it takes longer to break them down. Eat Complex the night before, more simple during the event. A spaghetti dinner during halftime won’t help you. A candy bar the night before won’t help you. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Types of sugars Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Types of sugars Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Types of sugars Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Types of sugars Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Monosaccharide: One sugar Glucose / Fructose. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Monosaccharide: One sugar Glucose / Fructose. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Disaccharides – two sugars. Lactose, Sucrose. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Disaccharides – two sugars. Lactose, Sucrose. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Polysaccharides: Many sugars linked together. Complex Sugars. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Polysaccharides: Many sugars linked together. Complex Sugars. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Glycogen: The storage form of glucose, comes from starch in plants. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide? B C

Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide? B C

Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide? B C Polysaccharide

Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide? B C Polysaccharide

A B C Polysaccharide disaccharide Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide? A B C Polysaccharide disaccharide

Carbohydrates: Monomers Monomer is “monosaccharide” C:H:O is 1:2:1 ratio Monomers are “useable” form of energy

Carbohydrates: Polymers Called “polysaccharides” Glycogen Starch Cellulose

Lipids Hydrophobic! Cell membranes Energy storage Messengers

Lipids: Monomers Called “fatty acids”

Lipids: Polymers Triglyceride Phospholipid glyceride glyceride Fatty Acid Fatty Acid Fatty Acid Fatty Acid Fatty Acid

Protein Function: Many! Structural (make hair, nails, muscle, etc) Enzymes (lower activation energy to make reactions easier) Defense proteins in the blood

Protein: Monomer Called “amino acid”—there are 20 types 3 parts Amino group Carboxyl group Side chain (makes each amino acid unique)

Protein: Polymer Called the “polypeptide” A lot of amino acids linked together via peptide bonds

Nucleic Acids Function: To store and transfer all information within a cell and within an organism. It is the basis of “GENETICS” It tells how a cell or organism built and programmed.

Nucleic Acids: Monomer Called “nucleic acids” 3 parts: Phosphate group Pentose Sugar Nitrogenous Base (A,T, G, C) : makes 4 types!

Nucleic Acids: Polymer DNA The instruction manual on how the cell/organism is built. RNA The person who reads the instructions and works to build it.