Chapter 10 America’s Economic Revolution

The Changing American Population 1790 = 4 million 1790 = 4 million 1820 = 10 million 1820 = 10 million 1830 = 13 million 1830 = 13 million 1840 = 17 million 1840 = 17 million

Why Such Growth? 1. Public health is improved 1. Public health is improved 2. High birth rate – By 1840, white women bore 6.14 children 2. High birth rate – By 1840, white women bore 6.14 children In 1790 – 1 in 30 lived in the city In 1790 – 1 in 30 lived in the city In 1820 – 1 in 20 lived in the city In 1820 – 1 in 20 lived in the city In 1840 – 1 in 12 lived in the city In 1840 – 1 in 12 lived in the city

Rise of Nativism Tensions grew due to increased flow of immigrants Tensions grew due to increased flow of immigrants The Supreme Order of the Star- Spangled Banner – banning Catholics, literacy tests The Supreme Order of the Star- Spangled Banner – banning Catholics, literacy tests Know-Nothing Party Know-Nothing Party

Transportation Canal Age led to the ability to move goods up and down the many river systems in the North. Canal Age led to the ability to move goods up and down the many river systems in the North. 4 horses could haul 1.5 tons 18 miles a day by land 4 horses could haul 1.5 tons 18 miles a day by land 4 horses could haul 100 tons 24 miles a day by canal 4 horses could haul 100 tons 24 miles a day by canal Erie Canal was the best example Erie Canal was the best example

Railroads Early railroads played a secondary role in the early 1800s Early railroads played a secondary role in the early 1800s 1836 – about 1,000 miles of track in 11 states 1836 – about 1,000 miles of track in 11 states 1840 – about 2,818 miles 1840 – about 2,818 miles End of 1840 – 9,000 miles End of 1840 – 9,000 miles

Communication Telegraph allowed innovations in communications and journalism Telegraph allowed innovations in communications and journalism Telegraph lines next to railroad lines Telegraph lines next to railroad lines Invented by Samuel Morse in 1844 Invented by Samuel Morse in 1844 By 1860 more than 50,000 miles ran across the nation By 1860 more than 50,000 miles ran across the nation Richard Hoe invented the Rolling Printing Press Richard Hoe invented the Rolling Printing Press

Commerce and Industry Corporations had the advantage of combining resources, shareholders, and raw material to create products and profit Corporations had the advantage of combining resources, shareholders, and raw material to create products and profit

In 1840 – total value of manufactured goods was 483 million In 1840 – total value of manufactured goods was 483 million 1850 – 1 billion 1850 – 1 billion 1860 – 2 billion 1860 – 2 billion

Coal replaced wood as fuel Coal replaced wood as fuel 14 million tons by million tons by 1860 Factories could now be anyplace Factories could now be anyplace Goodyear invents Rubber Goodyear invents Rubber Singer Sewing Machine Singer Sewing Machine

Men and Women at Work Mid-Atlantic area – whole families would come to work for the factory. Mid-Atlantic area – whole families would come to work for the factory. Factory owners would then buy the farm so that they could not go back to the farm Factory owners would then buy the farm so that they could not go back to the farm

Lowell or Waltham System Factories would bring young ladies to the factory Factories would bring young ladies to the factory Women would live in dormitories Women would live in dormitories Learn skills and be paid Learn skills and be paid Young men would come to work at the factory Young men would come to work at the factory Marry and settle down Marry and settle down

American Factories Most American factories were better than their English counterparts Most American factories were better than their English counterparts Labor Unions (Guilds) formed to help workers control their environment and benefits Labor Unions (Guilds) formed to help workers control their environment and benefits

Pay Skilled males – $4-10 per week Skilled males – $4-10 per week Unskilled males - $1-6 per week Unskilled males - $1-6 per week Women/Children – less Women/Children – less

Labor Unions Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) Massachusetts Supreme Court Ruled labor unions legal and could continue. Ruled that unions could strike Massachusetts Supreme Court Ruled labor unions legal and could continue. Ruled that unions could strike