1. Chapter 10 APUSH Mrs. Price
“To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk.” – Thomas Edison

2. Demographics Changes from 1820-1840 - Population increased
- Population concentrated in NE & NW

3. 3 Trends Population grew quickly (more than Europe)
Population was migrating westward
Population was moving to towns & cities

4. Changes in 1840-1860 Growth of cities accelerated
Immigration rate increased
- 2 main sources: Germany & Ireland
- German: settled in NW, family groups,
had $
- Irish: settled in NE, single women, poor

5. American Population Centers in 1820

6. American Population Centers in 1860

7. Immigration leads to Nativism
Racism
Economic fears
Religious fears
Political fears (Whigs)

8. Secret Nativist Societies
Native American Association (1837)
Native American Party (1845)
Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner (1850)
American Party (Know Nothings 1852)

9. The American Party

10. Technological Advances
Canals
- Need to move goods internally cheaply
- Erie Canal

11. Erie Canal System

12. Railroads 1820s-1830s: played secondary role Weaknesses:
- Lines were short; didn’t connect
- Tracks were different gauges
- Schedules erratic
-Wreaks common

13. Railroads cont. 1840s-1850s: Advances led railroads to be dominant
- More miles of track
- Consolidation of lines
- Support from private & public (land
grants)
- Further divided North & South

15. Magnetic Telegraph Permitted instant communication
Lines more extensive in North
Led to creation of Associated Press

16. Economic Developments
US businesses grew quickly
Growth of corporations
- in 1830s
- Due to changes in laws
- Limited Liability
Credit limited growth

17. Rise of the Factory Spread quickly in 1820s
Most productive capacity in NE
Advances in technology
- Manufacturing of machine tools
- Principle of Interchangeable parts
- New sources of energy (coal)
- American inventors were prolific

18. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory

19. John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

20. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

21. Labor Changes in agriculture led workers to go to factories
2 systems of recruitment
- Whole families from farms to factories
- Young women (Lowell or Waltham
system)

22. Lowell Girls

23. Lowell Boarding Houses

24. Working Conditions Began to decline in 1830s & 1840s More immigrants
12-14 hour workday
$4 to 10/week
Artisans began to form craft societies & trade unions

25. Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) Massachusetts Supreme Court
Unions were legal organizations
Strikes were legal

26. American Society Increasing concentration of wealth
- There was mobility (social &
geographical)
- Political opportunities
Wealthy
- Concentrated in large cities
- Culture of wealth was created

27. American Society cont. Poor - Significant number in cities
- Free blacks, Irish, widows
Middle Class
- Fastest growing class in US
- Most influential cultural form in US