1. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
STANDARD(S): Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
1. Describe the impact of new markets, entrepreneurs, and inventions on the 19th-century American economy.
2. Explain the ways in which workplaces changed during the market revolution.
3. Summarize the efforts of workers to improve their economic security.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
Commitment
Attitude
CARES
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

3. The Market Revolution Section 4
Inventions and economic developments in the early 19th century helps transform American society.
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4. The Market Revolution The Market Revolution U.S. Markets Expand 4
SECTION
The Market Revolution
The Market Revolution
U.S. Markets Expand
• Market revolution—people buy and sell goods rather than make them
• In 1840s economy grows more than in previous 40 years
• Free enterprise—private businesses free to operate for profit
• Entrepreneurs invest own money in new industries
Continued . . .
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5. SECTION 4: THE MARKET REVOLUTION
Known as the Market Revolution, people increasingly bought and sold goods rather than make them for themselves
A 19th century market

6. U.S. Markets Expand
The first half of the 19th century in America, brought vast changes to technology, transportation, and production
Inventions and economic developments in the early 19th century helps transform American society.

7. How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy?
1. Entrepreneurial activity
Provided investment capital to create new companies and industries that boosted U.S. industrial output

8. CHP3:SECTION4:A
A – How did entrepreneurs contribute to the market revolution?
Entrepreneurs created new businesses and new products to be bought and sold.

9. Inventions and Improvements4
SECTION
continued The Market Revolution
Inventions and Improvements
• Samuel F. B. Morse’s telegraph helps business, railroads communicate
• Improved transportation systems cut freight costs, speed travel
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10. Inventions and Improvements
1837 – Samuel Morse invented the Telegraph
Railroads were becoming faster and more numerous by 1830 surpassing canals as # 1 means of transport
By 1854, 23,000 miles of telegraph wire crossed the country

11. How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy?
2. Telegraph
Improved communication; allowed businesspersons to stay in contact; helped trains move more efficiently and safely; linked regions of the country

12. The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation4
SECTION
continued The Market Revolution
The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation
• Many manufactured goods become affordable in early 1800s
• Transportation, communication links make regions interdependent
• Northeast becomes industrial, commercial; farmers go to Midwest
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13. The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation
Robert Fulton invented the Steamboat and by 1830, 200 were on the Mississippi

14. How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy?
3. Steamboat
Improved transportation;
reduced travel time for goods and people, allowing agricultural and industrial expansion;
decreased freight charges

17. How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy?
4. Railroad
Decreased travel time for goods and people;
linked regions of the country

20. How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy?
5. Canals
Opened more efficient trade routes;
decreased freight charges;
linked regions

22. How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy?
6. Steel plow
Made farming more efficient;
allowed farmers to shift from subsistence fanning to growing cash crops

23. CHP3:4:A
B – How did technology influence both the North and Midwest in the 1840’s?
Technology influenced the North and Midwest by improving means of transportation and communication.
Inventions such as the steel plow and the reaper also improved farming in the Midwest.

24. Changing Workplaces Effect of Factories 4
SECTION
Changing Workplaces
Effect of Factories
• Families split, towns created, employer-worker relationships change
• Machines allow unskilled workers to do jobs of skilled artisans
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25. Effect of Factories
• Families split, towns created, employer-worker relationships change
• Machines allow unskilled workers to do jobs of skilled artisans

26. Changing Workplaces The Lowell Textile Mills 4
SECTION
Changing Workplaces
The Lowell Textile Mills
• In 1820s, Lowell textile mills employ young farm women
• Women get lower pay than men, but factories pay more than other jobs
• Conditions worsen: work over 12 hours; dark, hot, cramped factories
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27. • employ young farm women
Women get lower pay than men, but factories pay more than other jobs
• Conditions worsen: work over 12 hours; dark, hot, cramped factories

28. How did these developments affect the lives of workers?
7. Textile mills
Brought workers into factory to make goods;
introduced workers to industrial work discipline;
allowed unskilled workers to replace skilled artisans

29. Workers Seek Better Conditions4
SECTION
Workers Seek Better Conditions
Workers Strike
• 1830s, 1840s U.S. workers go on strike— work stoppage over job issues
• Employers defeat strikes, replace workers with immigrants
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30. Workers Strike
In 1834, Lowell, Massachusetts textile workers went on strike after their wages were lowered
one example of the dozens of strikes in the U.S. in the 1830s and 1840s

31. Workers Seek Better Conditions4
SECTION
Workers Seek Better Conditions
Immigration Increases
• Immigration—moving to a new country— of 3 million people (1830–1860)
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32. Immigration Increases
—moving to a new country— 3 million people (1830–1860)

33. Workers Seek Better Conditions4
SECTION
Workers Seek Better Conditions
National Trades’ Union
• 1830s, trade unions in different towns join to expand their power
• Groups from several industries form National Trades’ Union (1834)
• Commonwealth v. Hunt: MA Supreme Court supports right to strike
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34. Several industries formed the National Trade Union in 1834 in hopes of bettering their conditions
STRIKES AND UNIONS
BECAME MORE
NUMEROUS AFTER 1830

35. How did these developments affect the lives of workers?
8. National Trades’ Union
Offered workers a chance to expand their power in the workplace by organizing efforts to improve pay and working conditions

36. National Trades’ Union
• Commonwealth v. Hunt: MA Supreme Court supports right to strike

37. How did these developments affect the lives of workers?
9. Commonwealth v. Hunt
Declared that workers had the legal right to organize to protect their rights

38. CHP3:4:A
C – What was the attitude of many factory owners toward their workers?
Most factory owners regarded their workers in the same way that they regarded their machinery.
They were to be maintained to provide maximum production and discarded when no longer of any use.

40. How did these developments affect the lives of workers?
10. Industrialization
Created many jobs;
produced goods efficiently;
created new markets; produced new goods for use in other sectors of the economy
(agriculture, transportation)

41. CHP3:4:A
D – Why were most labor strikes of the 1830’s and 1840’s ineffective?
Workers were not well organized, they had little public support, and strikers could be easily replaced.