Today’s Standard(s) SS6H2 The student will explain the development of Latin America and the Caribbean from European colonies to independent nations. c. Explain the Latin American independence movements: include the importance of Toussaint L‘Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, and Miguel Hidalgo.

Intro to Our Essential Question…… How did Latin America gain independence from Spain, Portugal and France? Why were Toussaint L‘Ouverture, Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo important in the independence movements of Latin America?

Open your Gallopade Books to p.70

Toussaint L’Ouverture -Was born as a slave in the mid-1700’s -Learned to Read & Write (unusual for a slave) -Led slaves in the fight against the French when they refused to grant the slaves of St. Domingue freedom in 1791 (the slaves won & he was given leadership of the French colony) -Led the fight against the British & Spanish when they tried to take St. Domingue. -In 1802, he was captured, sent to France & killed by Napoleons government. -In 1804, the people rose up and won their independence from France & changed the name from St. Domingue to Haiti. “Liberator Of Haiti”

Simon Bolivar -Was born in Caracas, Venezuela (1783) -Came from a wealthy family & was educated in Europe -Fought against Spanish rule in South America ( ) & was able to free the territory of Venezuela, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, & parts of Bolivia and Peru -He wanted to rule all of this area as one nation called the “Republic of Gran Colombia,” but it broke up into separate nations -Died from tuberculosis in 1830 “The Liberator” and/or “George Washington of South America”

Miguel Hidalgo -Was born in 1753 in Penjamo, Mexico -Was educated & trained as a Catholic Priest -On September 16 th, 1810 he gave a sermon/speech calling for the independence of Mexico, after which he led a force to overthrow Spanish rule. -His force was defeated >He was captured & executed on July 30 th, The war for independence continued & Hidalgo was used as a symbol of courage to inspire the Mexican freedom fighters. -In 1821, Spain withdrew & Mexico became independent “Father of Mexican Independence”

(R60) Latin American Independence Movements

Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?

Freedom Fighter When / Where/ From Whom Other Info about this PersonToussaintL’Ouverture 1804/ St. Domingue (Modern Haiti)/ France -Was born a slave -Learned to read & write -Led rebels to fight against the French, Spanish, & English for the freedom of St. Domingue (Haiti) -Was kidnapped, imprisoned, & died in France in He inspired the people of St. Domingue & they kept fighting & gained full independence in 1804→ Changed name to Haiti

Freedom Fighter When / Where/ From Whom Other Info about this PersonSimonBolivar / Venezuela, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia/ Spain -Born wealthy in Caracas, Venezuela -Educated in Europe -Fought Spain & was able to win independence -President of “Gran Colombia” (Venezuela, Panama, Colombia, & Ecuador) -Died in 1830 of tuberculosis -Known as “The Liberator” & “George Washington of South America”

Freedom Fighter When / Where/ From Whom Other Info about this PersonMiguelHidalgo / Mexico/ Spain -Catholic Priest -Called for Mexican Independence in a sermon/speech 9/16/1810 -Led a small & poorly equipped army, that was easily defeated by govt. soldiers -Captured & executed in Was used as a propaganda symbol to encourage the Mexican freedom fighters -Eventually, Mexico gained its independence in 1821

Return to Our Essential Question…… How did Latin America gain independence from Spain, Portugal and France? Why were Toussaint L‘Ouverture, Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo important in the independence movements of Latin America?