1. Latin America: THE FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE

2. Standard SS6H2: The Student will explain the development of Latin America and the Caribbean from European Colonies to Independent Nations.

3. Map of the Spanish (Red) & Portuguese (Blue) Empires 1596-1626

4. What was happening at the time of colonization in Latin America??

5. Slavery in Latin America Spanish looked to the Indians to mine for gold and silver and to grow crops. Indians became in short supply because of warfare and diseases

6. African Slave Trade Soon the Spanish looked to Africa for labor. Africans were brought over to the Americas by boat in the 1500 ’ s.

7. Overview of Slave Trade 1500-1900

8. African Slavery in the Americas Africans were forced to work in mines and plantations for over 300 years! Slaves often endured rough treatment.

9. Effects of Slavery in Latin America: Many Latin Americans have ancestors from Africa. Many Latin American countries are very poor because much of the wealth was shipped back to Europe.

10. How did colonization affect Latin America?

11. Spanish & Portuguese Influence Spanish and Portuguese are the two main languages of Latin America.

12. Languages= Spanish (Green), Portuguese (Orange), French (Blue)

13. Pre-Columbian Indian Languages still spoken in the 21 st Century Quechua (Inca)= Blue Nahuatl (Aztec)= Red Mayan (Maya)= Green

14. Religion in Latin America The Indians of Latin America were forced into converting to Christianity. The main religion of Latin America is Roman Catholic. During the colonial period, the governments of Spain and Portugal were Roman Catholic. They paid for missions to the New World (Latin America).

15. Cristo Redentor- “ Christ the Redeemer ” (in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

17. Latin America ’ s Independence Movement The governments of Spain and Portugal ruled most of L.A. for nearly 300 years. Latin Americans ruled by Europeans began to feel restless.

18. Independence? People began to think about what it would be like to be free. The American Revolution in 1776 gave some Latin Americans the idea that they too could be free.

19. Independence? Independence movements began in many Latin American countries, such as Haiti, Mexico, Bolivia, and Venezuela; beginning in the 1700 ’ s.

20. Haiti – Toussaint L ’ Ouverture L ’ Ouverture was a black freedom fighter. He led slave revolts in Haiti & later became governor.

21. Toussaint L ’ Ouverture The French Revolution granted freedom to all blacks; L ’ Ouverture wanted the same in Haiti. In 1791, the French government changed its mind and took back the freedom of slaves. L ’ Ouverture led a slave army and defeated the French Army!

22. Toussaint L ’ Ouverture L ’ Ouverture was later arrested by the French and sent to France. He died in prison shortly after. Within 2 years, the people of Haiti declared their independence.

23. Simon Bolivar Bolivar was a leader in wars for independence in South America. He and his followers fought against the Spanish.

24. Simon Bolivar Through Bolivar ’ s efforts, independence was achieved in the countries of: – Bolivia – Colombia – Ecuador – Panama – Peru – Venezuela

25. Simon Bolivar Known as “ The Liberator ” or the “ George Washington ” of South America. Bolivar ’ s birthplace in Caracas, Venezuela (1783-1830)

26. Simon Bolivar ’ s Legacy Venezuela ’ s coin money called the Bolivar, as well as 100 ’ s of monuments throughout South America.

27. Mexico – Miguel Hidalgo Known as the Father of Independence in Mexico He was a priest who led a peasant army against the Spanish. They won some battles, but eventually he was captured and executed. He did not live to see independence.

28. Miguel Hidalgo