Prenatal Development

 Sperm: The male sex cell  Ovum: The female sex cell

Conception  The union of an ovum (egg) and a sperm, resulting in the beginning of pregnancy.  (Prevention)

 Ovary: Releases the egg Releases the egg Fallopian Tubes: Where conception usually takes place

Where does conception usually take place? In the fallopian tubes

Where does the fertilized egg implant?  In the uterus.

Vagina:  The opening to the reproductive organs  Passageway through which menstrual flow leaves the body

Pap Smear: Test for cervical cancer

Obstetrician  A doctor that specializes in the care of pregnant women.

 Prenatal Period  The time from conception to birth

The First Trimester of Pregnancy  Most miscarriages are likely to occur at this time

Miscarriage The natural ending of a pregnancy before the fetus could survive. The natural ending of a pregnancy before the fetus could survive.

Stillbirth  The natural ending of a pregnancy after 20 weeks this happens by accident and is not the fault of the father or mother this happens by accident and is not the fault of the father or mother

(Tubal Pregnancy) (Tubal Pregnancy) When a fertilized egg implants in the fallopian tubes. When a fertilized egg implants in the fallopian tubes. Ectopic Pregnancy

Embryo  The developing cluster of cells from the third to the eighth week of pregnancy.

What is a congenital problem?  a physical or biochemical problem in a baby that is present at birth. Down SyndromeDown Syndrome Cleft LipCleft Lip Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy

What causes congenital problems?  Environmental causes nutritional balance of mother’s diet nutritional balance of mother’s diet any disease or infections the mother may have during pregnancy any disease or infections the mother may have during pregnancy harmful substances harmful substances outside hazards (radiation) outside hazards (radiation)  Heredity  Errors in chromosomes

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome  3/1,000 babies have FAS  Mother drinks heavily during pregnancy alcohol interferes with brain development alcohol interferes with brain development heart defects heart defects poor motor development poor motor development

The Second Trimester of pregnancy  Movement of the fetus is felt by the mother.

Fetus:  The unborn baby from about the eighth or ninth week till birth.

Ultrasound:  To evaluate the growth & development of the fetus.  A technique using sound waves to make a video image of an unborn baby

Primary purpose of an ultra sound?  To check for health problems and fetal development Skeletal/ organ defects Skeletal/ organ defects

Amniocentesis  The withdraw a sample of the amniotic fluid surround an unborn baby with special needle and testing for fluid for indications of specific birth defects or other health problems

Rh Factor  Protein substance found in the red blood cells of 85 %  Causes a problem to the baby when the father is Rh+ and the mother is RH- Rh Disease: type of anemia that destroys the baby’s red blood cells

Iron  Needs more iron than usual to produce all the blood needed to supply nutrition to the placenta

FOLIC ACID  Aids in the creation of the baby's nervous system.  Folic acid can help prevent congenital defects such as, spina bifida, cleft palate or cleft lip.

Weight Gain for Mom  Suggest between lbs  Eat an extra 300 calories per day  Much of the weight gain goes to the growing baby and the tissues that support it

Physical Activity  Should be active unless told otherwise from her doctor  Avoid contact sports  Helps keep weight within normal activity, strengthens muscles used during birth, increases energy

STOP!!!  We are going to switch gears now and move on to look at fetal development in more detail.

 If born, the baby has the greatest chance of survival.  The fetus assumes the birth position.  The unborn fetus grows ½ pound per week.  The unborn child develops protective immunities. The Third Trimester of Pregnancy

3 Stages of Labor  1 st Stage: Contractions begin Contractions begin Cervix dilates Cervix dilates  2 nd Stage: Child birth Child birth  3 rd Stage: Placenta is expelled Placenta is expelled

 Lightening:  The term that best describes the baby dropping in to the birth position.

Amniotic Fluid  Acts as a shock absorber for the fetus.

Show  vaginal discharge prior to the beginning of birth  mucus plug is released from the cervix  brownish or blood tinged  labor will begin in 3 days

Contraction: The tightening and releasing of uterine muscles. The tightening and releasing of uterine muscles.

Dilation: The widening of the cervix Effacement: The thinning of the cervix

Cervix:  The lower part of the uterus

 The process by which the baby gradually moves out of the uterus. Labor

Breech Birth:  When the baby is born feet or buttocks first.

(C-section) baby born by surgical opening in the uterus. (C-section) baby born by surgical opening in the uterus. Caesarean:

Crowning  Appearance of the head during delivery

Episiotomy: A cut in the vaginal opening for easier birth. A cut in the vaginal opening for easier birth.

Forceps  Help guide the baby through the birth canal.

Vacuum Extractor  Soft silicone cup attached to baby’s head  mother does not need to be completely dilated  less pain medication or chance of episiotomy

Vacuum Suction

Umbilical Cord  Nourishment and oxygen are carried from the mother to the baby through the umbilical cord

 Where the baby gets oxygen & nutrients. Placenta:

Apgar Rating:  The rating of a baby’s vital signs immediately after birth.

The Apgar Test  Checks newborn’s physical condition for chance of survival  Score 0, 1, or 2 in 5 areas  Tested at 1 & 5 minutes after birth 1. Heart rate 2. Respiratory effort 3. Muscle tone 4. Reflexes 5. Color

 Baby is weighed & measured  Footprints are made  Name bands on wrists and/or ankles for identification

BONDING  Developing a feeling of affection  Important to both baby and parents

Postpartum Care  Care the mother receives during the weeks following the birth of her baby. Medical staff will monitor; Medical staff will monitor; blood pressure, vital signs, pulse until all body functions have stabilizedblood pressure, vital signs, pulse until all body functions have stabilized

Sexually Transmitted Disease May cause infertility May cause infertility (Note that the cradles are empty because there is no ability to have a baby)

can be transmitted parentally, during delivery, and breast feeding can be transmitted parentally, during delivery, and breast feeding Aids

Rubella  Another name for German Measles

Sterilization: A permanent form of birth control. A permanent form of birth control.

Take Your Baby Home!!