Birth Defects and Complications / Diseases Objective: The student will be able to compare and contrast the different birth defects and complications / diseases.

Diabetes Type One Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, or young adults. With this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin (type of sugar) are needed. The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems play a role.

Type ONE Diabetes

Type Two Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. More common than type 1 – due to increasing obesity and failure to exercise Family history and genetics play a large role in type 2 diabetes. Low activity level, poor diet, and excess body weight (especially around the waist) significantly increase your risk for type 2 diabetes.

Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes

Way to Test for Diabetes

Spina Bifida Malformation of the embryo during pregnancy. Congenital disorder (birth defect) in which the backbone and spinal canal do not close before birth Spina bifida may be nearly inconsequential, or may be reparable through surgery. Cause is unknown.

Spina Bifida

Cleft Palate Malformation of the embryo. Causes Include: Problems with genes passed down from one or both parents, drugs, viruses, or other toxins can all cause such birth defects. A cleft lip may be just a small notch in the lip. It may also be a complete split in the lip that goes all the way to the base of the nose. 1 out of 2,500 people have a cleft palate.

Surgery to close the cleft lip is often done at when the child is between 6 weeks and 9 months old.

FAS – Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Caused when pregnant women consume alcohol. Symptoms include: – Poor growth while the baby is in the womb and after birth – Decreased muscle tone and poor coordination – Delayed development and significant functional problems in three or more major areas: thinking, speech, movement, or social skills (as expected for the baby's age) – Structural problems with the face

Surfactant The substance used to increase the chance for babies to survive premature birth. Babies that are born very prematurely often lack adequate surfactant and must receive surfactant replacement therapy immediately after birth in order to breathe. Soapy material inside the lungs of adults and mature infants that helps the lung to function.

X-Ray’s Affect on Babies An environmental factor that can endanger the fetus. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, x-rays are generally safe during pregnancy. Studies have been conflicting, therefore x- rays should only be done when the benefits outweigh the risks.