1. Birth Defects
Taryn Ballmann

2. Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate
The tissue that forms the ____or _____ of the mouth do not ____ ___________before birth
Can be a ____ slit or a _____ opening that goes through the lip into the nose
Cleft lip can occur in either ____ of the mouth or in the_______. Cleft palate can occur in the _____, _______, or ________
______ babies born with cleft palate, ______ babies born with cleft lip

4. Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate
Causes
Treatment
Mostly unknown
_______
Environmental factors
What a mother____or _______
Medications (Epilepsy)
__________
_________
May need special dental or orthodontic care
May need______ therapy

5. Heart Defects Most ___________ birth defect
Effects __________ of heart and how it works
Can range from small _____ to ________ or ________ formed parts
Some can be diagnosed during pregnancy, others not until birth or ______ ___ _______

6. Heart Defects Causes Treatment ______ ________
Genetic or chromosome changes
Diabetes or obesity
___________
Medications
________ ________
Depends on ____and ________
May need _____ or _____ surgeries
Cardiac catheterization
Sometimes heart defect __________ be fully repaired

7. Types of heart defects Atrial Septal Defect Coarctation of the Aorta*
Ebstein anomaly*
Single ventricle*
Tetralogy of Fallot*
Truncus Arteriosus*
Ventricular Septal Defect

8. Down Syndrome Trisomy 21
Baby has an extra copy of chromosomes, called ___________ _____.
Changes how baby’s _____ and _______ develop, cause _________ and _________ challenges
Most common chromosomal condition. 6,000 born each year; 1 out of _____ babies effected
Usually have IQ in mildly to moderately low range
Slower to _________

9. Down Syndrome Trisomy 21 Causes Treatment
Caused by extra chromosome, but not sure how chromosome is ________
Mothers _____
__________ condition
Speech, occupational, and physical therapy
______ _____________ programs in school
Most lead _________ and _________ lives

11. Gastroschisis
Baby’s ___________ stick outside of baby’s body, through a hole by _____ ___________.
Muscles of baby’s ___________ wall do not form correctly.
Intestines can become irritated by _________ fluid because it is not protected, causing it to shorten, ______, or ________.
Even after repair, infants may have problems with ________, ________ and ___________ of nutrients
______ babies

13. Gastroschisis Causes Treatment Unknown
Mothers age, _______ teen mothers have high rates than ______-_______ teens
________ or _______ use
__________ immediately after birth. ___ ___ _____ or slowly in _______ depending on severity.
Receive nutrients through IV, and antibiotics

14. Spina Bifida ________ ________ ___________(NTD)
Can happen anywhere along _____ if the neural tube does not ______ completely
___________ does not form all the way which causes damage to ______ ______ and nerves
May cause _________ and ________ disabilities ranging from mild to severe depending on size and location of opening and whether the spinal cord or nerves are affected.

15. Types of Spina Bifida
Myelomeningocele- sac of fluid comes through opening in baby’s back. Part of spinal cord and nerves are damaged. May cause loss in feeling in feet or legs, not being able to move legs and affects how one uses the bathroom.
Meningocele-sac of fluid comes through opening in baby’s back, but spinal cord is not in sac. Little to no nerve damage.
Spina Bifida Occulta- small gap in spine, but no opening on the baby’s back. Spinal cord and nerves are normal. Does not cause any disabilities

17. Spina Bifida Causes Treatments _________
____________
Having high body temperature
Diabetes or obesity
Treatments vary from person to person, and severity

18. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs)
_________, _________, and __________ problems that occur because a mother drank alcohol while pregnant
Mother drinks alcohol, which passes through her _______ stream into the ______ ________ stream.
Abnormal facial features (ridge between nose and upper lip), small head size, low body weight, poor coordination, hyperactive behavior, poor memory, learning disabilities, speech and language delays, poor reasoning or judgment skills, and problems with heart, kidneys, or bones

20. FASDs Causes Treatment _________
All alcohol affects baby from before a mother knows she is pregnant to birth
________ disease
Medications to help with symptoms, ________ and _________ therapy, and parent training

21. Prevention of Birth Defects
Take appropriate amount of folic acid, 400 mcg
Avoid ________
Avoid smoking
_____ _____ ______ _________
Wash hands often
Eat ____ _______meats
Staying away from people who are sick

22. Prevention cont.
Limit ___________ use, or talk to doctor about medication use and ____________
Maintain healthy _________
Keep ____________ under control
See health care professional regularly

23. References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Birth defects. Retrieved from
[Diagrams of cleft lip & palate]. (n/d). Cleft Lip & Palate Association. (Picture).
[Down Syndrome Karotype]. (2013). Autosomal Abnormalities. (Picture).

24. References
[Figure 1]. (2013). Westwood Medical Communications. (Picture).
[Spina Bifida]. (2011). Doctor Tipster. (Picture).
[FAS kid]. (2004). Virtual Pediatric Hospital. (Picture).