I SLAM Chapter 11 Section 1. T HE P ROPHET M UHAMMAD Born in Mecca To poor clan of ruling tribe Living caravan trader Contact with variety of people.

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I SLAM Chapter 11 Section 1

T HE P ROPHET M UHAMMAD Born in Mecca To poor clan of ruling tribe Living caravan trader Contact with variety of people Many Arabs Polytheistic 40 years (saw the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) Prophet of God God (Allah) revealed verses

M UHAMMAD CONTINUED Teachings Instruct others Received more revelations Kaaba (Stone building idols) Muhammad People harassed Journey Mecca to Yathrib (Hijrah) “flight or migration” Muhammad followers grew

M UHAMMAD Ideas Tribes began to accept ideas Muhammad back to Mecca Redirected the Kaaba (worship one God) New religion called Islam (Arabic: “submission to the will of God” Spread across Arabia, Middle East, North Africa

F AITH Believe in one God Must obey Gods will Followers were called Muslims Qur’an Holy scripture word of God through Muhammad Rules & instructions (living) Sacred for all people Written in Arabic

FIVE P ILLARS OF I SLAM 1. The Profession of Faith There is no God but God (Allah) Muhammad is the messenger of God 2. The five daily prayers Rituals of washing, prescribed movements Facing direction of Mecca 3. Paying Zakat Annual tax used to help the poor others in need

F IVE P ILLARS OF I SLAM CONTINUED 4. Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan No food and drink dawn to sunset Reminds of self-discipline Dependence on the Creator Feelings of poor 5. Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once During pilgrimage Muslims meet and pray Perform rituals remind of faith Unity & Equality of Muslims around the world

M USLIMS Worship in Mosques Have no furnishings Mats and Rugs (kneel) No images as well Men trained guide in worship Friday Noon gather for congregational prayer

M USLIMS D IVIDES Muhammad dies Over time disagreements on successor (caliph) Split (disagreements) Sunni - followers “way of the prophet” settle religious matters Shi’ ite- believers of Ali descendants (imams) should decide religious & worldly matters Sufi – live simple lives centered on God, believe in God was mark of a person’s worth