1. Vocabulary Mecca Kaaba Quran Sharia Hijra Mosque Hajj jihad WHC2PO21

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3. Islam Religion founded by Muhammad in the 7 th Century A.D. Is both a religion and a government Islam means to ‘surrender’ or ‘submission’ – Believer fully submits to the will of Allah Religion is mainly centered in the Middle East, North Africa, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Has many variations – Sunnis – Shi'ism WHC2PO23

4. Muhammad Born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) In his early life he was poor and an orphan WHC2PO24

5. Muhammad 610 A.D – while in his 40’s, had visions from God that put him in a trance-like state Allah told him he was a messenger equal to the prophets – Abraham, Noah, and Jesus He was persecuted in Mecca so he fled to Medina, Saudi Arabia in 622 A.D. Followers their believed in him and allowed him to strengthen his power. WHC2PO25

6. Muhammad Died in 632 A.D. without an heir. Islamic followers split into two main groups. – Sunnis – Shi’ite WHC2PO26

7. Five Pillars of Islam Belief that there is no other God but Allah Ritual Prayer five times day Giving to the poor Fasting and self-control during the holy month of Ramadan – Ninth month of the lunar calendar Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if one is able. WHC2PO27

8. Jihad Some Muslims add a sixth tenet. Means struggle or holy war Could be as simple as balancing work and daily prayer To Impose belief practices on non-Muslims – Some believe it allows them to oppress/kill others – Only a small minority practice this belief WHC2PO28

9. Sacred Text The will of Allah was revealed to Muhammad and recorded in the Koran (Qu’ran) WHC2PO29

10. Ramadan 4 th Pillar is the Fast of Ramadan Believers not allowed eat, drink, or smoke during daylight hours. Believe is that Allah revealed the words of the Koran to Muhammad during this month. Last 10 days spend studying the Koran – no working or sexual relations Businesses in Muslim nations close during the day. WHC2PO210

11. Last days spend with family and can correspond to Christmas and Hanukkah WHC2PO211

12. Pilgrimage to Mecca Exist in two forms – Hajj – Umra Hajj can only be done the second week of the 12 th month of the Muslim year Umra pilgrimage can be taken at any time. WHC2PO212

13. Hajj WHC2PO213

14. Hajj Ritual cleansings, prayers at various locations, the throwing of seven pebbles to denounce evil. Walk seven times counter clockwise around the Kaaba Kaaba is the holiest site in Islam During daily prayers must face the Kaaba ( Mecca) WHC2PO214

15. Women in Islam Women play no part in Islamic public worship If at Mosque, remain in back corner or balcony Women must dress modestly – with head scarf in some countries required to wear a burqa – which covers everything but eyes. WHC2PO215

16. Sunni / Shiite The Shiites, a small minority representing about 10% of Muslims today, believe that Ali ibn Abi Talib was the true spiritual and political heir to Muhammad. The Sunni majority, on the other hand, recognizes the first four caliphs and Ali, son-in- law of Muhammad—as the rightful successors to Muhammad. WHC2PO216

17. Sunni Islam Sunnis follow the sunna or customary practice & teachings of the prophet Muhammad. The sunna supplements the Quran to avoid misinterpretation of it. WHC2PO217

18. Shiite Islam Shiite means ‘party of Ali’ Doctrine is characterized by the recognition of imams – spiritual leaders of the Muslim community. WHC2PO218

19. Sunni Shiite WHC2PO219

20. Sharia Law Body of laws that interpret the Quran and apply it to daily life. Regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices and government It does not separate religious matters from criminal & civil law. WHC2PO220

21. Homework Questions What are the five pillars of Islam? What is the main disagreement between Sunnis and Shiites? How do the Quran and Sharia law guide the lives of Muslims? WHC2PO221