Geography, History, and the Social Sciences The American Nation Chapter 1 Geography, History, and the Social Sciences Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Thinking Geographically Chapter 1, Section 1 How do the five themes of geography help define the connections between geography and history? How did geography influence population trends in United States history? How are maps made and used?

What is Geography? Chapter 1, Section 1 Geography is the study of people, their environments, and their resources. Geographers ask how the environment affects people and how people affect the environment. Geography is linked to history. What are examples of how geography is linked to history???

The Five Themes of Geography Chapter 1, Section 1

Looking at the Five Themes Chapter 1, Section 1 Location Exact location describes a place on a grid of numbered lines on a map or a globe. Lines of longitude measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich, England). Lines of latitude measure distance north and south from the Equator. Relative location describes one place in relation to another place. Example:

Looking at the Five Themes Chapter 1, Section 1 Place – describes physical and human features Physical features—climate, soil, vegetation, animal life, bodies of water, and natural resources, for example. Human features—types of housing, transportation, jobs, languages, and religions, for example. Example: Interaction People adapt to the land People change the land, through crops, irrigation, pest control, and drilling for oil, for example Natural resources—materials humans take from the environment to satisfy their needs Irrigation—bringing water to dry lands

Looking at the Five Themes Chapter 1, Section 1 Movement People Goods Ideas It occurs because people and resources are scattered unevenly. Examples in history???: Regions Unifying physical characteristics-climates, landforms Unifying human characteristics-language, culture Example:

Way to Remember the Themes of Geography MR. ILP M Movement R. Region I Interaction L Location P Place

U.S. Population Trends - Nystrom Atlas (p.4-5) Discuss the following with your group: By looking at the pp. 4-5, what population trends do you see throughout our nation’s history? How has geography affected these population trends?

Geography and Population Trends Chapter 1, Section 1 Late 1700s—People lived along the Atlantic coast or near other water transportation. Early 1800s—With new forms of transportation, people moved westward and cleared land for farms. Late 1800s—White settlers overcame Native Americans and settled the West. Mid 1900s—People were attracted to cities with mild climates in the south and west.

Cartographers Make Maps and Globes Chapter 1, Section 1 Cartographers make different types of maps for different purposes. Physical maps show physical features such as mountains and bodies of water. – Example: Political maps show countries, states, and capitals and other cities. – Example: Thematic maps deal with specific topics-population, rainfall, vegetation, or elections, for example – Example: Cartographers make maps using different map projections for different purposes. Cartographer—mapmaker Map – A drawing of the surface of the Earth or part of the Earth. Globe – A sphere with a map of the Earth printed on it. Map projections—ways to show the earth on a flat surface. Types of map projections are Mercator and Robinson What are the differences in the projections? (p. 8 – Geography Skills) What are the advantages and disadvantages of map projections?

Questions to answer??? What are the advantages and disadvantages of a map verses a globe? How do today’s cartographers create maps?

Section 1 Assessment Which is the best definition of “geography”? Chapter 1, Section 1 Which is the best definition of “geography”? a) learning the countries and their capitals b) study of rocks and rock formations c) studying ways to show the earth on a flat surface d) study of the connection between people and the natural environment. The main purpose of a thematic map is to show ______. a) mountain ranges and bodies of water b) special information such as rainfall or population c) boundaries of states and countries d) capitals and other cities Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.

Section 1 Assessment Which is the best definition of “geography”? Chapter 1, Section 1 Which is the best definition of “geography”? a) learning the countries and their capitals b) study of rocks and rock formations c) studying ways to show the earth on a flat surface d) study of the connection between people and the natural environment. The main purpose of a thematic map is to show ______. a) mountain ranges and bodies of water b) special information such as rainfall or population c) boundaries of states and countries d) capitals and other cities Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.