Some things you need to know. Illegal Drugs Some things you need to know. Health Ed. II-Mrs. Fisher

3 classes of Illegal Drugs Class A Drugs are the most addictive and harmful Examples: cocaine, crack, meth, ecstasy, heroin, LSD Class B drugs prepared for injection Just having a class A drug in your pocket can get you up to seven years in prison. If you sell a class A drug you will be classified as a dealer. Someone who is caught dealing drugs could get sentenced to life in prison. http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

3 classes of Illegal Drugs Class B Drugs Examples: amphetamines (speed), barbiturates, cannabis, codeine Very harmful and addictive If found with a Class B, can receive up to 5 years in prison. Dealers will receive up to 14 years in prison http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw; http://safe.met.police.uk/drugs_and_alcohol/get_the_facts.html

3 classes of Illegal Drugs Class C Drugs Includes tranquilizers and steroids Can get up to 2 years in prison for possession Dealers can get up to 14 years in prison. http://safe.met.police.uk/drugs_and_alcohol/get_the_facts.html

Marijuana-What is it? Mixture of dried and shredded leaves, stems, seeds and flowers of the cannabis sativa plant. Contains the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) along with 400 other chemicals THC is psychoactive (mind altering) The amount of THC determines the strength or potency of marijuana THC content has increased since the 1970s. From reports of confiscated marijuana in 2007, the THC content averages almost 10% http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.php

Marijuana-Street names Pot Grass Herb Weed Mary Jane Reefer Skunk boom http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.php

Marijuana-How is it used? Most commonly smoked “joint” or “nail”-rolled into a cigarette “Bong”-smoked through a water pipe “Blunt”-cigar hollowed out and filled with marijuana some users brew it as tea or mix it with food. http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.php

What do they look like? Joint blunt bong

Marijuana-Short term effects Initial “high”-pleasant feelings THC triggers release of dopamine (creates good feelings). Loss of coordination/balance-cerebellum Memory/learning-hippocampus Judgment/decision making Perception Increase in heart rate http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.php

Marijuana-effects on the brain Ability to perform complex tasks is compromised. Early use of marijuana increases risk to develop psychosis if there is a genetic vulnerability Loss of contact with reality, delusions (false ideas about what is happening), and hallucinations Associated with depression and anxiety People get addicted to the increase of dopamine (produces happy feelings) http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj2.php

Cocaine/Crack-What is it? Stimulant Cocaine is a powder form of a hydrochloride salt made from the leaf of a coca plant Crack is the smokable form of cocaine Processed with ammonia or baking soda and water Then it is heated to remove the hydrochloride http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_stim1.php

Cocaine/Crack-Street Names Blow Coke Snow Nose candy Big C Powder http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

Cocaine/Crack-How is it abused? Snorting-through nose. Absorbed through nasal tissues into blood stream. Injecting Smoking **all three methods can lead to addiction and other health problems http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine

Cocaine/Crack-short term effects increased energy Increase body temperature Constricts blood vessels reduced fatigue mental alertness Increase blood pressure Increase heart rate **all due to the fact that cocaine is a stimulant **the faster cocaine is absorbed into bloodstream and delivered to the brain, the more intense the high http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine

Cocaine/Crack-Long term effects headaches gastrointestinal complications such as abdominal pain and nausea Malnourishment-tends to decrease appetite If snorted-loss of the sense of smell, nosebleeds, problems with swallowing, hoarseness, chronically runny nose Users can experience heart attack or stroke which can lead to sudden death http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine

Methamphetamine-What is it? Central nervous system stimulant (very powerful) Comes in clear crystals or powder Easily dissolves in water Street names: ice, speed, chalk, crystal, tweak, poor man’s cocaine, stove top http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_stim1.php

Meth-effects on the brain Effects short- and long-term memory by changing the structure of the brain. Meth users have delusions and hallucinations Hear voices, feel as though they have bugs crawling under their skin, paranoia Highly addictive-trains the brain to think that meth is the only way to feel good Meth brain http://www.methproject.org/answers/what-does-meth-do-to-your-brain.html#Brain-Damage

Meth-what does it do to your body? Rots your teeth Causes your hair to fall out Raises body temp Severely increases heart rate and blood pressure Lose muscle tone and bone density Graying skin, open sores, and acne Involuntary muscle contractions, uncontrollable twitching, strange movements Meth body http://www.methproject.org/answers/what-does-meth-do-to-your-body.html#Body-by-Meth

Meth-short term effects including increased wakefulness increased physical activity decreased appetite increased respiration, rapid heart rate, irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure hyperthermia http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

Meth-long term effects extreme weight loss severe dental problems (“meth mouth”) anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances, and violent behavior. display a number of psychotic features, including: paranoia, visual and auditory hallucinations, and delusions (for example, the sensation of insects crawling under the skin). http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/methamphetamine

Inhalants-What are they? Chemical vapors that are inhaled in order to get high Come from a variety of products that are found in the home and workplace More commonly abused by younger adolescents because of availability/access Categorized into 4 categories http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

Inhalant Categories Volatile Solvents-liquids that vaporize at room temperature paint thinner, nail polish remover, degreaser, gasoline, white out, markers Aerosols-sprays that contain propellants and solvents Spray paint, hair spray, cooking spray Gases-household or commercial products, or used as medical anesthetics Whipped cream dispensers, butane lighters, propane tanks, nitrous oxide, chloroform Nitrites-used primarily as sexual enhancers amyl, butyl, and cyclohexyl nitrites http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

Inhalants-Street Names "laughing gas" (nitrous oxide) "snappers" (amyl nitrite) "poppers" (amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite) "whippets" (fluorinated hydrocarbons, found in whipped cream dispensers) "bold" (nitrites) "rush" (nitrites) http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

Inhalants-How are they abused? Vapors inhaled through nose or mouth by one of the following ways: "Sniffing" or "snorting" fumes from containers Spraying aerosols directly into the nose or mouth Sniffing or inhaling fumes from substances sprayed or placed into a plastic or paper bag ("bagging") "Huffing" from an inhalant-soaked rag stuffed in the mouth Inhaling from balloons filled with nitrous oxide The “high” lasts only a few minutes, Inhalers try to make the high last longer by inhaling repeatedly over several hours http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

Inhalants-Long Term effects Break down myelin-nerve cells unable to transmit messages as efficiently Brain damage-prevents cells from absorbing oxygen Heart damage Liver failure Muscle weakness Irregular or rapid heart rhythms http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

Inhalants-Lethal effects can cause irregular or rapid heart rhythms and can lead to heart failure and death within minutes. This "sudden sniffing death" is particularly associated with the abuse of butane, propane, and chemicals in aerosols. death from suffocation-inhalant vapor takes the place of oxygen in the lungs and brain inhaling from a paper or plastic bag or in a closed area greatly increases the chances of suffocation. can die by choking on their own vomit or by fatal injury from accidents, including car crashes. http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

Hallucinogens-What are they? distort the way you perceive reality Can make you see, hear, and feel things that don’t exist Examples: LSD-an odorless, colorless chemical that comes from ergot, a fungus that grows on grains. Mushrooms-chemical found in approximately 190 species of edible mushrooms. Mescaline-occurs naturally in certain types of cactus plants, including the peyote cactus. PCP-synthetic drug in tablet, capsule, or powder form http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugshallucinogens

Hallucinogens-Street names LSD-Acid, blotter, cubes, microdot, yellow sunshine, blue heaven Mushrooms (Psilocybin)-Simple Simon, shrooms, silly putty, sherms, musk, boomers Mescaline-Cactus, cactus buttons, cactus joint, mesc, mescal, mese, mezc, moon, musk, topi PCP-Angel dust, ozone, wack, rocket fuel http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugshallucinogens

Hallucinogens-short term effects can cause rapid, intense emotional mood swings twist and alter the way your brain processes your senses, feelings and visual information. When unable to get a grip on reality, normal events and situations can take on an unreal and frightening quality. Anxiety, fear, paranoia (sometimes verging on psychosis http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugshallucinogens

Hallucinogens-Long term effects all hallucinogens can cause flashbacks—feelings and thoughts that replay the effects of being on the drug weeks or even years after taking them. risk of developing long-lasting psychoses or mental disorders http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugshallucinogens

Club drugs-what are they? Includes GHB, rohypnol, ketamine, LSD, and ecstasy http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

Club drugs-street names Ketamine: special K, vitamin K, jet GHB-liquid ecstasy, Georgia Home Boy, G Rohypnol: roofies, forget me pill Ecstasy: X, XTC, love drug, hug LSD: acid, blotters, dots www.drugabuse.gov

GHB central nervous system depressant: usually ingested in liquid, powder, tablet, and capsule forms. Effects: May last up to 4 hours, depending on the dose used. Slows breathing and heart rates to dangerous levels. sedative and euphoric effects that begin up to 10-20 minutes from ingestion. Use in connection with alcohol increases its potential for harm. Overdose can occur quickly-sometimes death occurs. http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs

MDMA-aka Ecstasy amphetamine-based, hallucinogenic type drug that is taken orally, usually in a tablet or capsule form. Effects: Lasts 3-6 hours. Enables dancers to dance for long periods of time. Increases the chances of dehydration, hyper tension, heart or kidney failure, and increased body temperature, which can lead to death. Long-term effects include confusion, depression, sleep problems, anxiety, paranoia, and loss of memory. http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs

Ketamine injectable anesthetic used primarily by veterinarians found either in liquid form or as a white powder that can be snorted or smoked, sometimes with marijuana. Effects: Causes reactions similar to those of PCP, a hallucinatory drug. Results in impaired attention, learning, and memory function. In larger doses, it may cause delirium, amnesia, impaired motor function, high blood pressure, and depression. http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs

Rohypnol Tasteless and odorless sedative: easily soluble in carbonated beverages, with toxic effects that are aggravated by concurrent use of alcohol. Effects: Can cause anterograde amnesia, which contributes to Rohypnol's popularity as a "date rape" drug. Can cause decreased blood pressure, drowsiness, visual disturbances, dizziness, and confusion. http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs

Bath Salts-what are they? substituted cathinones-synthetic, concentrated versions of the stimulant chemical in Khat. Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), mephedrone and methylone are the chemicals most often found in Bath Salts. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

Bath Salts-what does it look like? sold in powder form in small plastic or foil packages of 200 and 500 milligrams under various brand names. Mephedrone is a fine white, off-white or slightly yellow-colored powder. It can also be found in tablet and capsule form. MDPV is a fine white or off-white powder. K2 is typically sold in small, silvery plastic bags of dried leaves and marketed as incense that can be smoked. It is said to resemble potpourri. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

Bath Salts-”brand names” Bliss * Meow Meow Blue Silk * Ocean Burst Cloud Nine * Pure Ivory Drone * Purple Wave Energy-1 * Red Dove Ivory Wave * Snow Leopard Lunar Wave * Vanilla Sky Stardust * White Knight White Dove * White Lightning http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

Bath salts-how are they used? usually ingested by sniffing/snorting. can also be taken orally, smoked, or put into a solution and injected into veins. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

Bath Salts-short term effects very severe paranoia-can sometimes cause users to harm themselves or others. suicidal thoughts, agitation, combative/violent behavior, confusion, hallucinations/psychosis increased heart rate, hypertension, chest pain, death or serious injury The speed of onset is 15 minutes, while the length of the high from these drugs is 4-6 hours. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

Bath Salts-long term effects None have been proven because the effects differ from person to person People claim to see demons/evil spirits or other horrible visions and end up causing physical harm to themselves or others Examples: a person saw 25 police cars outside of his house and used a butcher knife to slit his own throat. Another left their 2-year old daughter in the middle of a highway because she “had demons”. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

Tobacco-what is it? Agricultural crop Active ingredient is nicotine Classified as a stimulant Usually smoked Sometimes “dipped” or “chewed”-nicotine is then absorbed through the gums http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

Tobacco-street names Chew Dip Smoke http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

Tobacco-short term effects body responds immediately to the chemical nicotine in the smoke. Nicotine causes a short-term increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and the flow of blood from the heart. causes the arteries to narrow. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. creates an imbalance in the demand for oxygen by the cells and the amount of oxygen the blood is able to supply. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

Tobacco-Long term effects chronic lung disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke, as well as cancer of the lungs, larynx, esophagus, mouth, and bladder. smoking is known to contribute to cancer of the cervix, pancreas, and kidneys. Researchers have identified more than 40 chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals. Smokeless tobacco and cigars can cause lung, larynx, esophageal, and oral cancer. Women who use tobacco during pregnancy are more likely to have adverse birth outcomes, including babies with low birth weight, which is linked with an increased risk of infant death and with a variety of infant health disorders. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

Tobacco-something to think about Effects of tobacco use do not just effect the user All people are effected by environmental tobacco smoke This is actually more dangerous because it is not necessarily filtered If you use tobacco products, please be considerate of others around you. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

Alcohol-what is it? Classification: depressant Active ingredient-Ethanol Proof-the amount of ethanol found in alcohol. http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

Alcohol Short-term effects Slurred speech Drowsiness Vomiting Distorted vision and hearing Impaired judgement Unconsciousness Coma Blackouts http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

Alcohol Long-term effects Unintentional injuries (falls, burns, crashes) Intentional injuries (sexual assault, firearm injuries, domestic violence) Alcohol poisoning Family/relationship problems Brain damage http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

Alcohol-Physical effects Cirrhosis of the liver Cancer Strokes Stomach ulcers High blood pressure Nerve problems Dementia http://www.drugrehabfl.net/2011/07/23/alcohol-addiction-facts/

Alcohol-mental effects Depression Anxiety Repeated alcohol withdrawal can trigger: Panic attacks phobias http://www.drugrehabfl.net/2011/07/23/alcohol-addiction-facts/

Alcohol-addiction facts Alcoholism is a disease. Most difficult and dangerous drug to quit 1 out of 3 who try to quit w/o medical help die from the withdrawal effects Big problem among teens 20% labeled as “problem drinkers” 25% alcohol consumed is done so by underage people Children of alcohol addicts are 4X more likely to suffer from alcohol addiction. http://www.drugrehabfl.net/2011/07/23/alcohol-addiction-facts/

Alcohol-additional information The amount of alcohol in someone’s system is measured by their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) Legal limit for someone 21 and over-.08% Legal limit for someone under 21-.02% While it is a Zero Tolerance Law, this takes into consideration that some items contain alcohol (mouth washes, cough medicines, etc.) http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

What affects a person’s BAC Gender-Female bodies contain a higher fat to water ratio than males. With less water to dilute the alcohol, the BAC will be higher. Weight-A larger person will have more water in their body to dilute the alcohol than a smaller person and therefore the BAC will be lower.

What affects a person’s BAC? 3. Food Consumption-The presence of food in the stomach slows the rate at which alcohol leaves the stomach and enters the intestines. This generally results in a lower BAC in the short term, however alcohol will remain in the bloodstream for a longer period. 4. Rate of Consumption (Time)-If liquor is consumed at a rate faster than one standard drink per hour, the BAC will rise as the body can only process one standard drink per hour.

Alcohol-Street names Booze Liquid Sauce brew http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/alcoholabuse_streetnames.htm

Heroin-what is it? Highly addictive Derived from morphine Classification: depressant or “downer” Affects the brain’s pleasure systems Interferes with brain’s ability to perceive pain http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin

Heroin-how is it used? Injected into vein = “mainlining” Injected into muscle Smoked in a water pipe or standard pipe Mixed in a marijuana joint or regular cigarette Inhaled as smoke through a straw = “chasing the dragon” Snorted as a powder through the nose http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin

Heroin-street names Big H Black tar Brown sugar Dope Horse Junk Skag Smac http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin

Heroin-short term effects Appear soon after a single dose and disappear after a few hours Initial feelings:Surge of euphoria (“rush”), heavy extremities, and flush skin 2nd stage: user goes “on the nod” (alternately drowsy and wakeful state) Slurred speech, impaired night vision, droopy eyelids http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin

Heroin-Long term effects Appear after repeated use for some period of time. Collapsed veins, infection of heart lining and valves, abscesses, liver disease Street heroin may contain additives that do not dissolve and result in clogging the blood vessels that lead to the lungs, liver, kidneys, or brain Can cause infection or death of patches of cells in vital organs http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin

Heroin-addiction facts Tolerance develops with regular heroin use More of the drug is needed to feel the desired result As higher doses are used, physical dependence and addiction occur With physical dependence-body has become accustomed to having the drug in the body and withdrawal symptoms occur if the drug is reduced or stopped http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin

Heroin-addiction facts cont’d In regular abusers, withdrawal can occur a few hours after taking the drug Symptoms: drug craving, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes, and kicking movements Major withdrawal symptoms occur 48-72 hours after last dose and subside after a week Sudden withdrawal by heavy users can be fatal http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin

Heroin-mental effects Alters perception of reality Suppresses emotions Person makes irrational decisions Causes depressions Lack of motivation http://www.drugbeat.org/Facts&Effects/heroin.html

Heroin-physical effects Slow heart beat Slow breathing rate Dry, sticky mouth Decrease in muscle tone and strength Sluggish movements Slurred speech Delayed reactions Lack of coordination http://www.drugbeat.org/Facts&Effects/heroin.html

Quotes from heroin addicts “Once you have tried Heroin, the cravings for more can be so intense you feel out of control!” “It’s like having 100% tunnel vision. You simply must fulfill the urge and feed the cravings…” “It’s like being a puppet on strings! The drug makes you do things you never thought you’d do… like stealing from the people you love and selling everything you own!” “It’s like being completely possessed by an evil spirit! It turns you into a selfish, horrible monster!” “It becomes the be all and end all of your life. Nothing else matters but getting that shot of heroin”. http://www.drugbeat.org/Facts&Effects/heroin.html