WAR “It’s better to be a dog in peacetime than a human being in war.”Chinese saying.

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Presentation transcript:

WAR “It’s better to be a dog in peacetime than a human being in war.”Chinese saying

WWI AND WWII TIMELINES

World War I – The Great War

Key Questions How is the fighting experience during the Great War new and different from before? How were soldiers able to cope with the front? How did the war bring on social changes in the postwar era? What was the major turning point of the war? How did the aftermath of the war lead to WWII?

Timeline World War I Name some of the important battles of the war Identify the different “phases” of the war

Causes of the War Militarism Countries built up their military Alliances Secret alliances would drag countries into conflict Imperialism Countries competed for overseas colonies Nationalism Desire to demonstrate the strength of each country Assasination of Franz Ferdinand Heir to the Austrian thrown

The Two Sides Allied Powers Central Powers Joined later The Triple Entente The Triple Alliance Allied Powers France Great Britain Russia Joined later US Italy Japan Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire

Map of European Alliances WWI Interactive WWI map in Europe

Mobilization Patriotism wins out over hope for peace Soldiers mobilized w/in 5 weeks Dissension and political debate hushed Video: all quiet on the Western From3’54’-8’

Stages of the War Stage 1: War of Movement (Aug-Nov 1914) The Western Front Germany violates Belgian’s neutral status Germany invades France (The Schlieffen Plan) arrive w/in 40 km of Paris France fights back: Battle of the Marne (6-13 Sept)

A War of Many Fronts Eastern Front African Front Gen Ludendorff & Hindenburg win Battle of Tannenberg against the Russians Aug 1914 In Balkans – Serbs push back Austro-Hungarian troops and free Belgrade Ottoman Empire enters war (Oct 1914) and joins Central Powers African Front Allied Powers overtake German possessions (Togo, Cameroon)

Stage 2: War of Position (1915-1917) The Western Front Trench Warfare: carnage (hundreds of thousands of deaths to gain 4 km) Battle of Verdun Germans hope to drain the French of their last strength Result: 300,000 deaths & 400,000 wounded from Feb to Dec 1916 French hold their position thanks to Gen. Petain But one of the deadliest battles of the war

Stage 2: War of Position (1915-1917) Battle of the Somme 1 million victims (400,000 casualties) Begun in July 1916 by Brits and French to relieve Verdun Battle of Soissons Rheims failed French offensive April 1917 Results in deserters – quickly reprimanded

Stage 2: War of Position (1915-1917) Other Fronts East: 1915 Germans advance 150 km 1916, Russians regain territory Italy joins war – Allied Powers promised territory belonging to Austria- Hungary (population Italian speaking) Bulgaria enters war – Central Powers Allied Powers attack Ottoman Empire, German & Austrian ally, fails to force through the Dardanelles Straits in 1915

Video extract: Gallipoli The Massacre Gallipoli Disaster Video extract: Gallipoli The Massacre

Reading Material World War I Mastering Modern World History by Norman Lowe Part 1 War and International Relations The world in 1914: outbreak of the First World War, pp. 3-16 Battle of the Somme worksheet (table + questions)