Making Safe and Drug-Free Decisions

In your Teen Health textbook, the “Making Safe & Drug-Free Decisions” unit is Unit 8 (Pages ) Ch 17: Using Medicines Wisely ( ) Ch 14: Tobacco ( ) Ch 15: Alcohol ( ) Ch 16: Drugs ( )

Health IQ 1. Which of the statements gives the correct relationship between drugs and medicine? A. A drug is a type of medicine. B. A medicine is not a drug. C. All drugs can be used as medicines. D. Some drugs can be used as medicines.

Health IQ cont. 2. Which statement about prescription drugs is NOT true? A. You need a doctor’s approval to use prescription drugs. B. Prescription drugs should never be shared with another person. C. People can’t get addicted to prescription drugs. D. Prescription drugs are usually stronger than over-the-counter drugs.

Health IQ. Cont. 3. When a person’s body needs a drug in order to function properly, the person has a A. physical dependence. B. Side effect. C. Drug prescription. D. Hallucination.

Health IQ. Cont. 4. Heroin is a kind of A. stimulant. B. depressant. C. opiate. D. Hallucinogen.

Health IQ Cont. 5. Which of the following is a good reason to avoid drugs? A. To stay healthy B. To stay out of trouble. C. To save money D. All of the above.

Health IQ Cont. 6. A good person to ask for help with a drug problem is A. A teacher. B. A school counselor. C. A parent or caretaker. D. All of the above.

This presentation will focus on the topic of DRUGS We have other separate lessons on: 1.ALCOHOL and 2.RESPIRATORY SYSTEM & SMOKING

This slide show will cover: 1)Definitions 2)Classifying Drugs and Medicines 3)Types of Medicines 4)How Drugs enter the Body 5)Cycle of Addiction 6)Why People Use Drugs 7)Stimulants 8)Depressants 9)Hallucinogens 10)Narcotics 11)Marijuana (THC) 12)Club Drugs 13)Inhalants

PART 1: Definitions

What are DRUGS? Substances (other than food) that change the structure or function of the body or mind

Examples of DRUGS: Cough Medicine Tylenol Penicillin Blood Pressure Pills Alcohol Tobacco Crack Cocaine Marijuana

What is a PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG? Mind-altering drugs Drugs that affect a person’s mood or behavior Not all drugs are mind altering

Examples of PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS: Alcohol & Depressants Nicotine, Caffeine, Stimulants Marijuana (THC) LSD, PCP, and Hallucinogens Heroin, Morphine, Narcotics Club Drugs, Inhalants

What are MEDICINES? Drugs used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions

Examples of MEDICINES: Insulin for Diabetes Advil for Headaches Polio Vaccine Rolaids for Upset Stomach Allegra for Allergies

What are SIDE EFFECTS? Effects of a medicine other than the one intended

FOR EXAMPLE: Aspirin may cause stomach irritation or allergy medicine may make you drowsy

What is DRUG USE? Using a drug or medicine for its intended purpose

Examples of DRUG USE: Taking Tylenol as directed for a headache Following a prescription of Insulin for Diabetes An adult having a glass of wine at dinner

What is DRUG MISUSE? Taking a drug which results in short-term, problems These problems might be mild or severe, depending on the drug

Examples of DRUG MISUSE: Not following a prescription Using someone else’s medicine Taking too much of a drug Getting drunk and acting foolish

Drug Interaction: Sometimes, the effect of a drug (medicine) can be different from expected. This occurs when the drug is taken at the same time as another drug. Drug interactions can cause serious problems. Why do you think doctors always ask what medications you are taking?

What is DRUG ABUSE? Taking a drug which results in long-term problems Often permanent, severe, and fatal

Examples of DRUG ABUSE: Drinking and driving Taking any illegal drug Being addicted to a drug Committing crimes to support an addiction

PART 2: Classifying Drugs and Medicines

How are Medicines and Drugs classified? 1.OVER-THE-COUNTER 2.PRESCRIPTION 3.ILLEGAL What are some examples of each?

(1) Over-The-Counter Drugs: Can be purchased and taken without a written order from a doctor Examples: Alcohol, Tobacco, Caffeine, Aspirin, Tylenol, Rolaids, Robitussin, Neosporin

The government requires all over-the- counter drugs contain information in a standardized, consumer-friendly format. These "Drug Facts" labels are similar in format to the Nutrition Facts label for foods.

(2) Prescription Drugs: Can be sold and taken only with a written order from a doctor Examples: Insulin, Valium, Penicillin, Lipitor, Vicodin, etc.

If you are ever given a prescription for a drug, make sure to read the label: The next slide has a sample label to examine

(3) Illegal Drugs: Not legal to buy, sell, or use Examples: Heroin, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, LSD, PCP, etc.

Illegal drugs … Have no labels Have no instructions Have no safety information Have not been inspected by the government for quality and consistency of dose

QUESTION: Do all 3 of these categories of drugs have the potential to be misused or abused? ANSWER: YES !!!

REMEMBER: Any drug can be misused or abused… even if it is legal or you have a prescription! Just ask this guy!

QUESTION: Which of those three categories of drugs kills the most people in the US each year? ANSWER: Over-The- Counter

REMEMBER: Tobacco and Alcohol kill over 500,000 people in the US each year!

That’s more than Heroin, Cocaine, Meth, LSD, PCP, Crack, Drownings, Fires, Motor Vehicle Accidents, Suicides and Homicides … combined !!!

PART 3: Types of Medicines

Let’s look at a few types of medicines (pages ) Vaccines Antibiotics Analgesics Anesthetics

(1) Vaccines: Vaccines prevent a person from developing a communicable disease A vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened germs that cause a person’s immune system to produce antibodies

(1) Vaccines: We vaccinate children against Polio, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, etc. How has the invention of vaccines helped our society and affected the health of people all over the world?

(2) Antibiotics: Antibiotics reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body The first antibiotic was penicillin. Ampicillin, amoxicillin and benzylpenicilllin are widely used today to treat a variety of infections.

(2) Antibiotics: You take antibiotics when you are currently sick. (Unlike vaccines, which you take before you ever get sick.) Both antibiotics and vaccines are Prescription Drugs

(3) Analgesics: Analgesics are drugs that relieve pain Common O-T-C examples: –Aspirin –Acetaminophen (Tylenol) –Ibuprofen (Advil, Midol)

(3) Analgesics: Common Prescription examples: –Oxycodone –Tramadol –Vicodin Why and how do people get addicted to pain relievers?

(4) Anesthetics: Drugs that allow doctors to do surgeries that would otherwise be too painful Can you imagine a having a cavity filled at the dentist or having your appendix removed without anesthesia?

(4) Anesthetics: LOCAL anesthetics numb only a small area of the body. You are still conscious. GENERAL anesthetics numb your entire body. You are not conscious.

PART 4: How Drugs Enter The Body

How can drugs enter the body? 1.Ingestion 2.Injection 3.Inhalation 4.Absorption

(1) Ingestion: Pills, capsules, tablets, or liquids which are swallowed Absorbed into the bloodstream in the esophagus, stomach, or the small intestine. Most absorption takes place in the small intestine.

(2) Injection: Needle puts the drug directly into a vein, muscle, or skin Fastest way to get a drug into your bloodstream

Drug is breathed in or inhaled Liquid mist or powder is absorbed into the blood through the sinuses or lungs (3) Inhalation:

(4) Absorption: Ointments are applied to the skin Drug passes through the skin into the bloodstream Is all things applied to the skin absorbed into the bloodstream?