COAL ENERGY
COAL IS BIG! 42% of electricity comes from coal in the USA 70% of electricity in China comes from coal 580 coal fueled power plants in the US 550,000 jobs Mined in 25 states $49 natural gas per mega watt hour, coal $33 per megawatt hour
WE HAVE A LOT USA has ¼ of the world’s supply 272 billion tons in reserves only use about 1.1 billion tons per year Oil and Coal reserves have equal energy potential
HISTORY Evidence of Coal in extinct civilizations Romans (2 nd,3 rd centuary) Hopi Indians (1300) 1736 A few coal mines appear on the border of WV and MD 1748 First commercial coal mine in Richmond, Virginia Used to manufacture shot, shell, and other war material during the Revolutionary War.
HISTORY CONT. Pre 1830 uses- Heat homes Heat salt brines To light streets such as in Baltimore To make glass 1830 Tom Thumb is created First locomotive increases demand for coal
HISTORY CONT. 1875 Coke replaces wood and charcoal in fueling furnaces Early 1900’s Coke is supplying 100,000 coke ovens Mostly WV and PA
HISTORY CONT. 1882 Edison builds the first coal-fired electric generating station 1901 General Electric Company builds the first alternating current power plant 1961 Coal is the major source of electricity for utilities 1970 Coal production is 520 million tons 1990 Coal production is One billion tons
MINING TECHNIQUES If the coal is close to the surface Surface Mining If the coal is too far underground Underground Mining
SURFACE MINING
UNDERGROUND MINING
UNDERGROUND MINES
WHY WOULDN’T WE USE IT?
BAD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT Contains the most CO2 per BTU Environment suffers around a coal mine Coal ash is hazardous 2 nd highest emitter of methane Burning coal releases NOx and SOx Burning releases Mercury
IMPRACTICAL Non-renewable High cost of transporting coal to centralized power plants Dangerous to mine
CLEAN COAL 1980’s-Now USA has invested 3 billion dollars Washing Washes chunks of coal to remove impurities Organic sulfur stays Scrubbing flue gas desulfurization units Limestone absorbs sulfur
CLEAN COAL CONT. Process of burning “Clean Coal” 1970 to 2011 major pollutants have been reduced about 90% per unit of electricity created
SAFETY IN THE MINES Benxihu Colliery April 26, 1942 1,549 dead Coal-dust explosion
DANGERS Coal dust explosion Burns victims Traps victims Blasting Related Accidents Too close to a blast site Diseases Black lung
PREVENTING Training Need a license to blast Simulations Learn about health and safety Technology Standard Radio communication devices, safety lamps Exploitation Infrastructure Fire alarm, gas management, miners rescue, ventilation, etc.
CONCLUSION Not considered enough Domestic Abundant Cheap