Technical Seminar on Accreditation - Delivering Confidence in the Provision of Energy Organized by Sri Lanka Accreditation Board for Conformity Assessment & Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority Global Importance of Sustainable Energy and Sri Lankan Context Thusitha Sugathapala Director General Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority Ministry of Environment & Renewable Energy 09 th June 2014

The Facts  Development, Energy and Environment Solutions for Sustainability Energy Stock Renewable Energies  RE Technologies  Cost of REs National Energy Scenario  Features of Energy Sector  Energy Intensity in Economy  Renewable Energy Resources OVERVIEW 2

 Development and Energy FACTS ENERGYDEVELOPMENT 3

 Energy and Fossil Fuel Global Primary Energy Supply by Source (in EJ) FACTS Nuclear Hydro Electricity Coal Oil Natural Gas Biomass Fossils 81% Other Fossil Fuel Era 4

 Role of Renewable Energy Global Primary Energy Supply by Source in 2010 FACTS 5

 Role of Renewable Energy Global Electricity Production in 2012 FACTS 6

 Extraction and Consumption of Resources FACTS Construction Minerals Biomass Fossil Energy Carriers Ores and Industrial Minerals GDP Trillion International Dollars Material Extraction Billion tons Depletion of Natural Resources 7

 Extraction and Consumption of Resources Eg: Oil FACTS The Energy Crisis ! 8

FACTS  Extraction and Consumption of Resources Fossil Fuel Reserve to Production Ratios The Energy Crisis !

FACTS 10  Energy Efficiency  Eg: Lighting  Water Pumping

FACTS 11  Energy Efficiency  Eg: Transport 100%20% Engine Losses 63% Standby/ Idle 15% Accessories 2% Driveline Losses 6% 14%

 Energy Efficiency Comfort FACTS 12

GNI / Capita / Year Meat Consumption/Capita/Year  Development and Food Consumption FACTS USA UK Brazil China India More Meat  More Energy + More Water + More Land

 Cost of Living Arithmetic average of prices in four commodity sub- indices (food, non-food agro items, metals, and energy) FACTS 14

 Carrying Capacity of Biosphere (Overloading!)  Effects on natural cycles (Sustainability!) FACTS The Environment Crisis !

 Climate Change and GHG Emissions  Drivers of CC is anthropogenic substances and processes that alter the Earth’s energy budget  Main substances affecting the Earth’s energy budget is GHGs  GHG emissions continue accelerate despite reduction efforts - due to fossil fuel combustion industrial processes  The current trajectory of global annual and cumulative emissions of GHGs is inconsistent with widely discussed goals of limiting global warming at 1.5 to 2  C above the pre-industrial level  Main drivers of GHG emissions are growth in economic output and population, outpacing emission reductions from improvements in energy intensity  Future development pathways and energy sector will be shaped by climate change than resource depletion. FACTS 16

 Main drivers of GHG emissions are growth in economic output and population. 17 MAJOR FINDINGS Increased use of coal relative to many other energy sources has reversed a long ‐ standing pattern of gradual de- carbonization of the world’s energy supply The decline of energy intensity of economic output has had an offsetting effect on global emissions arisen from growth in population Source: IPCC AR5, 2014 Growth in Economic output is the major driver of GHG emissions

SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY  Drivers Socio Economic Development Energy Security Environment Sustainability  The Solutions 18 Energy Security Environment Sustainability Socio-Economic Development Sustainable Energy (A)Developing Renewable Energy (B)Improving Energy Efficiency (C)Rational Use of Energy A BC

 Energy Industry - The Targets Energy demand 19 World primary energy demand by scenario SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY

 Energy Industry - The Targets Technology options for mitigation of GHG emissions 20 World energy-related CO 2 emissions abatement in the 450 Scenario relative to the New Policies Scenario Role of RE and EE SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY

 Buildings Evolution of energy intensity for materials 21 Source: The Energy Report – 100% Renewable Energy By 2050, WWF SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY

 Buildings Evolution of energy intensity in the buildings sector 22 Source: The Energy Report – 100% Renewable Energy By 2050, WWF SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY

 Buildings: Main Areas of Challenges 23 Refurbishment to Transform Existing Buildings into EEB  Systems and equipment for energy use for existing buildings  Envelope  Solutions for cultural heritage  Systemic approach for existing buildings Neutral/Energy Positive New Buildings  Systems and equipment for energy use for new buildings  Systemic approach for new buildings ENERGY EFFICIENT DISTRICT/COMMUNITIES  Integration between buildings, grid, heat network …  Systems and Equipment for energy production  District and urban design  Systems and Equipment for energy use  Storage of energy: thermal, electrical or other  Retrofitting  Systems and Equipment for energy use  Storage of energy  Energy production  Quality indoor environment  Design – integration of new solutions  Envelope and components  Mass customization  Automation and control  Life cycle analysis (LCA)  Energy Management Systems  Labeling and standardization  Materials: embodied energy and multi-functionality  Diagnosis and predictive maintenance  Relationship between user and energy  Geoclustering  Value chain and SMEs focus  Knowledge transfer  Business models, organizational and financial models (including ESCOs) Organizational Aspects Technological Aspects Cross-Cutting Challenges SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY

 Interventions in Transport Energy Efficient & Environmentally Sustainable Transport System (E 3 ST) -Energy intensity reduction by improving technical efficiency -Emission intensity reduction by cleaner fuels -Structural and systems efficiency improvement -Production and resource efficiency improvement 24 SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY

ENERGY STOCK  The Resources Annual Solar Energy Solar Energy for Wind Exploitable Wind Energy Solar Energy for Photosynthesis Renewable Geothermal Energy Hydro Power Solar Energy for Evaporation of Water Total Geothermal Energy(<10 km) Total Coal Reserve Exploitable Coal Reserve Total Oil Reserve Exploitable Oil Reserve Total Gas Reserve Exploitable Gas Reserve Exploitable Oil Shale Uranium for Conventional Nuclear Reactors Uranium for Breeder Nuclear Reactors Total Energy Consumption of the World Energy Received by the Earth  Power = 122 PW  Energy = 3,850,000 EJ/y  Global Energy Demand: 445 EJ/y 25

RENEWABLE ENERGIES  RE Technologies 26 Tidal Wave Hydro Solar Wind Biomass

Resource / Technology Typical CharacteristicsCost (LKR/kWh) Large hydro10 MW - 20,000 MW 4 to 10 Small hydro0.1 kW - 10 MW 7 to 50 Wind (On-shore)1.5 MW MW 7 to 22 Wind (Off-shore)1.5 MW MW 16 to 33 Wind (Small scale)0.1 kW kW 20 to 46 Biomass Power20 kW - 20 MW 10 to 23 Geothermal Power1 MW MW 7 to 13 Solar PV (module) Efficiency: (i) Crystalline %, (ii) Thin film % - Solar PV (Concentrating) Efficiency: 25% - Rooftop solar PV2 - 5 kW peak 22 to 60 Utility-scale solar PV200 kW MW 20 to 46 Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) MW (trough); MW (tower) 26 to 52 RENEWABLE ENERGIES  Cost of REs 27

NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO  Primary Energy Supply by Source 28 Hydro Coal Oil Biomass New RE

 Electricity Sector – Gross Generation 29 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO Hydro Coal Oil New RE

 Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source in NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO Industrial Sector Household, Commercial & others Sector Electricity Sector Transport Sector

 Transport Sector Dominated by Road Transport 31 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO The Issue Active Vehicle Fleet

 Life Style Electricity System Load Profile 32 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO

 Life Style Electricity Consumption 33 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO Electricity Consumption by Energy Service in a Typical Household Electricity Consumption by Energy Service in a Typical Office Building

 CEB Generation Plan - Base Case NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO

 Industrial Competitiveness 35 ENERGY INTENSITY IN ECONOMY Sri Lanka Energy Intensity Competitive Industrial Performance Index

 Energy Management National Targets (by 2020) 36 ENERGY INTENSITY IN ECONOMY Technology / ProcessAnnual Saving (GWh) Technology / ProcessAnnual Saving (GWh) Energy Labeling ProgramEfficient motors 185 Ceiling Fans 35 Building Management System 20 Tubular Fluorescent Lamps 65 Efficient office equipment 16 Magnetic Ballasts 80 Solar water heaters 5 Refrigerators 16 Telecommunication 10 Efficient lighting 173 Efficient air compressors 11 Air Conditioning 250 Eliminating Incandescent Lamps 205 ISO Green Buildings 550 Total 1,990 GWh

 Categories Conventional RE Resources New Renewable Energy (NRE) Resources  Conventional RE Resources Conventional Biomass Large Hydro  NRE Resources Small Hydro Wind Solar Modern Biomass / Biofuels Geothermal Ocean Thermal/ Wave/ Tidal 37 Already being harnessed Yet to be harnessed RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Sustainability ? NRE Targets – 20% by 2020

38 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES  Grid Connected Power Plants - Progress Approval Stage Small Hydro WindBiomassSolarTotal No.MWNo.MWNo.MWNo.MWNo.MW Commissioned Energy Permit Provisional Approval

 Challenges for RE Electricity Generation Constraints in national grid in absorbing RE based electricity o Exceeding substation / transmission capacities o Time / seasonal variability + Lack of storage options o Non-dispatchable generation o Limitations in Peak-matching o Geographical mismatch of resource and demand Lack of dynamic modelling / advanced forecasting tools and technical knowhow Lack of local capacity for manufacture Lack of R&D efforts Higher initial costs of new REs RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES 39

Thank You 40