1. China’s Sustainable Energy Policy
Ping He Ph.D.
International Fund for China’s Environment

2. Current status
China is the second largest energy consumption country in the world China’s energy is 90% self-sufficient China’s per capital energy consumption is about the world average. China’s energy is heavily relying on coal ( 1.9 billion TOE , about 50% production of the world)

4. Challenges
China’s economic growth was 10.5%/year from , expect 7-8% /year from , significantly
higher than the world average.
China’s energy demand is expected to continue to increase
China’s CO2 emission is the largest in the world.
China’s cities are badly polluted.

5. China’s energy demand is expected to continue to increase

6. CO2 emission by countries

7. Air pollution in Beijing

8. Energy targets in the 12th five-year plan (from 2011 to 2015/2020)

9. Sustainable Energy Policies
Principles
Energy conservation first
Based on domestic sources
Diversifying
Protecting environment
Innovation in science & tech
Deepening reforming
International cooperation
Improving livelihood

10. Sustainable Energy Policies
Priorities
Fully implement energy conservation
Develop clean and renewable energies
Promote clean use of fossil energies

11. Sustainable Energy Policies
Fully implement energy conservation
Adjust industrial structures
Enhance industrial energy saving
Implement building energy conservation
Improve energy saving in transportation
Promote public participation

12. Energy Efficiency- Iron & Steel Industry 2005-2010
Change in Energy Intensity, China Iron & Steel Industry, ,
Source: CISIA, May 2011 (Unit: kg of coal / ton )

13. Energy Efficiency- Transportation
Corporate Average Fuel Economy of China, Australia and USA (Unit: MPG)

14. Energy Efficiency-A cement plant with waste heat power plant in Shanxi

15. Sustainable Energy Policies
Priorities
Develop clean and renewable energies
Hydropower
Nuclear energy
Solar energy
Wind energy
Biomass energy
Others

16. Coal problems health problem environmental problem safety problem
coal efficiency

17. Hydroelectricity
China has a goal to generate at least 15 percent of total energy output by 2020 using renewable energy sources as the government aims to shift to a less-resource intense economy. According to the consultancy EC Harris, in 2010, China is the world's top investor in renewable energy projects, having invested around $120 billion to $160 billion between 2007 and 2010.
In 2009, China was the world’s largest producer of hydroelectric power. In the same year, China generated 549 Bkwh of electricity from hydroelectric sources, representing 16 percent of its total generation. Also, according to FACTS Global Energy, installed generating capacity was around 197 GW in 2009, accounting for over a fifth of total installed capacity. These figures are likely to increase given the number of large-scale hydroelectric projects planned or under construction in China, and the government’s State Energy Bureau announced plans to increase hydro capacity to 380 GW by The largest power project is the Three Gorges Dam along the Yangtze River, which includes 32 separate 700-MW generators, for a total of 22.5 GW.

18. solar energy-solar power
50% solar PV panels are manufactured in China
In 2010, China produced .58 GW solar power, a relatively small number. The cost is still 3-4 times higher than coal power
For grid-connected generation, a fixed purchase price is set
For rooftop solar power, gov. provides financial aids up to 50% of the cost
Target for 2015, 10 GW

19. Biomass comprehensive utilization as a symbol of green living in rural area of Shaanxi

20. nuclear power
China is actively promoting nuclear power as a clean and efficient source of electricity generation. China’s government forecasts that over 70 GW will be generated by 2020, about 6% of total energy. As of 2012, China has 16 operating reactors, 26 new nuclear power plants under construction.

21. Wind power

22. Cost comparison across energy sources

23. Sustainable Energy Policies
Priorities
Promote clean use of fossil energies
Mining coal with high efficiency and safety
Developing power plants with high efficiency and clean production
Exploring unconventional oil/gas actively
Enhancing energy transporting system

24. Sustainable Energy Policies
Opportunities for international cooperation/investments
Advanced technologies in clean energy development
Advanced technologies in energy conservation, esp. in industrial sectors
Advanced technologies in clean energy vehicles
Energy service systems (smart grid, energy management contract, etc.)
Capacity building (tech training, policy consulting, etc.)

25. Growth of China’s Energy Service Industry
Year
Revenue
Total Investment
EMC Project
Investment
2005
47.3
30.6
13.1
2006
82.6
63.3
18.9
2007
217.6
114.6
65.5
2008
417.3
253.2
116.5
2009
587.7
360.4
186.3
2010
780.4
287.5
Unit: 100 million RMB. $1=6.8 RMB
Source:
ESCO Committee of China’s Energy Conservation Association

26. Sustainable Energy Policies
Contact Ping He ,