“Following the light of the sun, we left the Old World.” - CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS “Following the light of the sun, we left the Old World.” - CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS SONGS FOR THE DAY: NEVER BEEN TO SPAIN Daily Comment & Card CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS TREATY OF TORDESILLAS - Italian who sailed for Spain -Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria -Sailed west to find water route to the East -Returned with Gold encouraging more exploration -Pope divided world with Line of Demarcation -Half to Spain/Half to Portugal -Line moved to give Brazil to Portugal
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: -identify Christopher Columbus & Treaty of Tordesillas explain the arrival of the first Americans. -describe the cultures encountered by the first European visitors. -analyze reasons for the European shift in interest toward colonization. -illustrate the Columbian Exchange -identify major Spanish explorers and their claims for Spain -Evaluate the Spanish legacy in the New World
-Bering Strait (land bridge) -Nomadic Asian hunters -by 1492, 54 million in American continents Major cultures: INCAS (PERU) MAYANS (CENTRAL AMERICA) AZTECS (MEXICO) Major cultures: INCAS (PERU) MAYANS (CENTRAL AMERICA) AZTECS (MEXICO) How did the first Americans get here? 1/13
CENTRAL AMERICA=SOPHISTICATED CIVILIZATION MATH ASTRONOMY AGRICULTURE CALENDAR *HOWEVER, PRACTICED HUMAN SACRAFICE IN NORTH AMERICA: 3 SISTER FARMING (beans, squash, & corn) SMALL, SCATTERED, IMPERMANENT SETTLEMENTS AGRICULTURE 2/13
BLAME ATTENTION ON THE CRUSADES: RENEWED INTEREST IN TRADE SILK DRUGS PERFUME,SOAP DYES SUGAR AND OTHER SPICES WANT AN ALL WATER ROUTE TO INDIA FOR TRADE… MARCO POLO & CHINA 3/13
PORTUGUESE ARE THE FIRST TO LEAD! PRINCE HENRY COAST OF AFRICA (SLAVES) DIAZ, DA GAMA WHAT MADE IT POSSIBLE… BETTER SHIPS (CARAVEL, RUDDER) EQUIPMENT (ASTROLABE, COMPASS) MOVEABLE TYPE WEAPONS, Don’t forget: $ from trade! 4/13
Other countries want in: SPAIN & COLUMBUS -FERDINAND & ISABELLA -MOORS DRIVEN OUT SET SAIL (NINA, PINTA, SANTA MARIA) AFTER SIX WEEKS (OCT 12) BAHAMAS FOLLOWED BY: JAMAICA PUERTO RICO TRINIDAD HONDURAS -DIES THINKING HE LANDED IN WEST INDIES (1506) 5/13
COLUMBUS USED THE CURRENTS OF THE OCEAN TO TRAVEL TO THE WEST AND RETURN… 6/13
NEW WORLDOLD WORLD BEANS TOMATOES POTATO TOBACCO CORN PINEAPPLES VANILLA CHOCOLATE SYPHILLIS WHEAT SUGAR RICE COFFEE HORSES COWS PIGS SMALLPOX MEASLES BUBONIC PLAGUE INfLUENZA TYPHUS DIPTHERIA SCARLET FEVER COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE 7/13
CLASH OF CULTURES BEGINS: EUROPE = MARKETS, CAPITAL, TECHNOLOGY AFRICA = LABOR NEW WORLD = RAW MATERIALS OLD WORLD TAKES GOLD & SILVER AFRICA PROVIDES THE SLAVE LABOR 8/13
To keep order, the Pope divided the New World between the 2 most powerful Catholic countries: Spain & Portugal TREATY OF TORDESILLAS Spain = most of the “heathen lands” Portugal = Africa, Asia, (with line of demarcation, Brazil) 9/13
SPANISH EXPLORERS Balboa- Panama Magellan-circumnavigated globe ( ) Ponce de Leon-Florida (fountain of youth) Coronado-7 cities of Cibola (Grand Canyon) DeSoto-Mississippi Pizarro-Incas (Peru-1532) Cabeza de Vaca-Texas Cortes-Aztecs Spanish colonies only trade with Spain, only Catholics can migrate. 10/13
CORTES conquers Aztecs in Mexico under Monteczuma (thought he was returned God) Quetzalcoatl Tenochtitlan capitol city Cortes burned his ships—WHY? Help from Spanish enslaved by Mayans and an Indian slave, Malinche (female), who spoke Mayan and one Aztec language-learned Spanish. Baptized Dona Marina Brought death, conquest, intermarriage (mestizos), crops, & animals Malinchista=traitorColumbus Day=Dia de la Raza 11/13
SPANISH LEGACY? LANGUAGE RELIGION ARCHITECTURE one story, adobe/stone, arched doors. court yards, high ceilings, tile roofs domed churches, rectangular bell tower FOOD & ANIMALS oranges, lemons, olives, sugar cane, wheat, rice cows, pigs, horses, donkeys EDUCATION universities (Lima, Peru & Mexico City-1550s) 12/13
St. Augustine, Florida (1565) is oldest continually inhabited European settlement in what is now the U.S. Encomienda (grants land and indians in return for promise of Christianization) system was used. 13/13