1. Motives for European Exploration
Crusades 
Renaissance 
Reformation 
New sources of revenue.
Technological advances.
Fame and fortune.
by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.
refugees & missionaries.
curiosity about other lands and peoples.

2. Gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)
Direct Causes = 3 G’s
Gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)
Enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD)
Spread Christianity (GOD)
The 3 motives reinforce each other
New trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods

3. Need to hunt for survival
CULTURAL CLASHES
WHITE EUROPEANS
Used the land for economic needs
Divide the land, sell it for monetary value.   
NATIVE AMERICANS
Relationship with environment as part of their religion
Need to hunt for survival VS
Clearing the land, destroying hunting areas, fencing it off into private property
Ownership meant access to the things the land produced, not ownership of the land itself

4. EFFECTS EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1400 TO 1600
Europeans reach and settle Americas
Knowledge of world geography
Trade, mercantilism and capitalism
Conflicts over land and impact of disease on Indian populations
Introduction of slavery
Columbian Exchange

5. Warm up; Explorers Ferdinand Magellan John Cabot Francisco Pizzaro
Vasco da Gama
Hernan Cortez

7. European trade routes

10. explorers

11. European Colonization
The Portuguese
European Colonization
The Portuguese were the first to begin searching for an all water route to Asia
Colonized Brazil

12. Explorers Sailing For Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator Exploration down coast of Africa
Dias Rounded the Cape of Good Hope
da Gama Opened trade with India
Cabral Claimed present day Brazil

13. Explorers Sailing For Spain & Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci - Italian sailing for both Spain and Portugal - Sailed to the America’s

14. Columbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa
* Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes * Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine * Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * Potato * Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * Maize
* Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice * Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley * Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats * Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * Horse * Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox * Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria * Diptheria * Whooping Cough

15. European Colonization
Big 4-European countries competing for control of North America and the world….
Spain
England
France
Portugal

16. The Spanish First to pursue colonization
Caribbean, Central and South America
First permanent colonies in U.S.A.
—most important was conquest of Aztecs by Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro (1531)
St. Augustine (Florida) is founded (1565) to protect Spanish treasure fleets

17. Explorers Sailing For Spain
Columbus - Italian - Landed in the “West Indies”
Magellan - Portuguese - 1st to circumnavigate the world

18. Columbus’ Four Voyages

19. De Leon - Established Puerto Rico - Sailed north looking for Fountain of Youth - Discovered Florida
Balboa – Settled in Panama - 1st European to see Pacific Ocean

20. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World

21. Spanish empire by the 1600’s consisted of the
North America
Central America
Caribbean Islands
Most of South America.

22. Methods were harsh and brutal.
Spanish soldiers who came to the New World to help conquer the Americas for Spain.
Methods were harsh and brutal.
With every Spanish explorer were conquistadors and members of the Catholic Church to convert Native Americans

23. First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Cortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1519
vs.
Hernando Cortés
Montezuma II

24. First Spanish Conquests: The Incas Pizarro conquered Incan Empire in 1532
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

26. Father Bartolomé de Las Casas
Believed Native Americans had been treated harshly by the Spanish.
Believed Indian culture was advanced as European but in different waysIndians could be educated and converted to Christianized.
Spanish practice of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply = FEUDALISM
2. Conquistador controlled Indian populations
3. Encomienda system eventually decimated Indian population.
5. The King prevented the encomienda with the New Laws (1542) supported by de Las Casas, the system gradually died out.
New Laws --> 1542

27. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1434 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation, 1493

28. PIRACY!
Blackbeard
Anne Bonney
Sir Francis Drake
Captain Kidd