1. European Exploration and Spanish Conquest
APUSH
Ms. Weston

2. Who were the “indirect discoverers” of the New World?
Scandinavians in 1000 A.D.
Christian Crusaders ( )—created cravings for exotic goods and shorter route to Asia.
Marco Polo’s tales of China (1295)
Portuguese advances: Caravel and special routes that could get them to Africa and back

3. How did the slave trade begin?
Portuguese set up trading posts along West African coast—to purchase gold and slaves
Slave trade had already started between Arabs and Africans
Portuguese sped up slave trade—used labor to work sugar plantations on African coastal islands.
Set up a system that Spain would later use when it began to colonize New World.

4. Why did Spain take the lead in European exploration in 1492?
Unification under Ferdinand and Isabella
Expulsion of the Moors
Spanish eager to prove their power over Portuguese by exploring West.
Impact of Renaissance
New technology: printing press, compass SPAIN HAD THE UNITY, WEALTH AND POWER TO UNDERGO DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST.

5. What was the impact of Columbus’s voyages?
Voyage huge mistake: Thought he would find shorter route to Asia (the Indies), then hit America!
Set up a new global, interdependent economy:
Europe: provided markets, money and technology
Africa: labor
New World: Raw materials

6. The Columbian Exchange
From the Old World: Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, HORSES, cows, DISEASE!!!
From the New World: GOLD, SILVER, corn, potatoes, tobacco
IMPACT: In the centuries after Columbus’s arrival, about 90% of Native Americans killed.

7. The Spanish Conquistadores
Spain won domination of New World with Treaty of Tordesillas with Portugal (1494)
Spanish conquistadors went to Caribbean and New World for two reasons:
To serve God
For gold and glory
Exploration in North America (Coronado, de Leon)
Conquest in South America (Pizarro and Incas, Cortes and Aztecs)

8. The Spanish in America Empire grew quickly—esp. in Peru and Mexico
Competition with other powers for land (esp. British and French) and desire to christianize Native Americans lead Spanish into North America
Built St. Augustine in Florida (1565)to block French and protect Carribean
Oldest European settlement in US
Spanish began exploring North—settlements in New Mexico in 1609, Texas in 1716, San Diego in 1769

9. Spanish Treatment of Native Americans
Used Caribbean islands as bases for American conquest
Began encomienda system in West Indies: enslavement of native population
Missions: to Christianize and civilize Indians.

10. Native American Resistance
Pope’s Rebellion
Indian uprising in 1680 New Mexico
Pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic Catholic in province, killed priests and Spanish settlers, built Indian kiva to resume native ways of worship

11. Black Legend
“The misdeeds of the Spanish in the New World obscured their substantial achievements and helped give birth to the Black Legend. This false concept held that the conquerers merely tortured and butchered the Indians, stole their gold, inflicted them with smallpox and left little but misery behind.”
What do you think? Is this a false concept? Should we give more credit to the Spanish for their achievements in the New World?