1. Unit 1.2: Impact of Technology on Exploration
Objective:
Explain how new technologies allowed explorers to travel farther and explore new areas.
Analyze why Europeans began to explore beyond their borders.

2. Unit 1.2: The Growth of Trade
Searching for New Trade Routes:
During the 1400s European countries were competing to find new ocean trade routes to the Indies.
Wanting to trade for valuable spices: luxury flavorings for food, medicine, and food preservation.
Portugal found the first route by sailing around Africa.
This begins competition between Spain and Portugal.

3. Unit 1.2: Spain VS. Portugal
The Treaty of Tordesillas:
Pope Alexander VI ruled and established boundaries between Spain and Portugal.
The treaty moved the Line of Demarcation more than 800 miles to the west.
Giving Portugal claim to much of eastern South America.
Portugal focused mainly on South America.
Spain received land west of the line.
Focusing their efforts on Central and North America.

5. Unit 1.2: New Technology Caravel Better Ships, Better Sailors
New inventions like the carrack (a ship that could carry supplies), and the caravel (a smaller ship that could sail close to shore).
Caravel

6. Better Ships, Better Sailors:
Unit 1. 2: New Technology
Better Ships, Better Sailors:
Compass, astrolabe, and quadrant helped with navigations and positioning on maps.
Compass
Astrolabe

7. Unit 1.2: Discovering the “New World”
Objective:
Examine the causes and effects of world exploration.
Explain why European powers continued to search for new routes to Asia.

8. Unit 1.2: The Growth of Trade
Finding a New Route to Asia/Indies
Christopher Columbus an Italian explorer, who sought financing from the King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.
King and Queen of Spain initially turn Columbus down funding for his exploration.
Reasons:
1) Costly war with Muslims (Reconquista).
2) Did not believe Columbus’ calculations.
3) Columbus was asking for a lot of money.

9. Unit 1.2: The Growth of Trade
Columbus made two major mistakes when planning his route west to the Indies:
Calculated diameter of earth as 67% smaller than it was.
Calculated Asia as larger than it was and would be closer.
October 12, 1492 Columbus arrived in the Caribbean islands he believed to be the West Indies.
This leads to more countries exploring the Western Hemisphere to expand trade.

11. Unit 1.2: The Columbian Exchange
Objective:
Explain the importance of the Columbian Exchange.
Understand how the Columbian Exchange contributed to the economic development of both the “New World” and the “Old World.”

12. Unit 1.2: Columbian Exchange
The definition of the Columbian Exchange:
The movement of living things between hemispheres.
As Europeans developed resources in the New World (Americas), the market for these goods increased in the Old World (Europe).
The desire to trade with Asia decreased.
The demand for New World resources increased to the point there was a labor shortage.
Spanish colonies used Native Americans as a source of forced labor (slavery).

13. The Columbian Exchange
The New World:
Western Hemisphere
The Old World:
Eastern Hemisphere

14. Columbian Exchange Old World to New World New World to Old World
Diseases
smallpox, measles, mumps , malaria, yellow fever,
influenza , whooping cough
Typhus, chicken pox
the common cold
none
Crops
rice , wheat, barley, oats, coffee
sugar cane, citrus fruits, bananas
melons
maize (corn), potatoes, sweet potatoes
Peanuts, tobacco, squash, peppers
Tomatoes, pumpkins, cacao (the source of chocolate) , sunflowers, pineapples
Avocados, vanilla
Animals
horses , cattle, pigs, sheep , goats
chickens ,
turkeys, llamas, alpacas, guinea pigs
People
Slaves captured in Africa