1. AGE OF EXPLORATION The First Global Age 1500-1800

2. Intro: When the Black Death ended, the population of Europe increased again, The growing population wanted Asian Goods, particularly SPICES (used to keep foods from spoiling, to make medicines and perfumes). During the 1400s, Muslim & Italian merchants controlled the trade routes between Asia and Europe. Europeans knew direct trade w/Asia would make them rich.
. . . So, they began to look for new routes to Asia.

3. Three motives for exploration: gold – opportunities for riches
Europe & Asia ( )
What were the motives for exploration?
Three motives for exploration:
gold – opportunities for riches
God – religious zeal
glory – spirit of adventure

4. Advances in Technology
* astrolabe
* cartographers
* magnetic compass
* caravel

5. Who are these men?

6. Voyages to the Americas
The Portuguese were the first successful European explorers.
Who was the most important figure in the History of Spanish Exploration?
Christopher Columbus sails the Atlantic Ocean in August 3, 1492 and lands in Hispanola in October 12, 1492.

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8. * The triangular trade marked the emergence of a new world economy
The Slave Trade
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* The triangular trade marked the emergence of a new world economy
(connected Europe, Africa, the Americas; manufactured goods from Europe were sent to Africa, where they were exchanged for slaves, who were sent to the Americas, where they were exchanged for raw materials that were then sent to Europe)

11. African slaves were shipped to Brazil and the Caribbean to work on the plantations
-- sugar plantations
The journey of slaves from Africa to America was called the middle passage
(the middle portion of the triangular trade)

12. A line of demarcation
Treaty of Tordesillas 1494: established a line of demarcation between territories controlled by Portugal (east of the line) and Spain (west of the line)

13. Europe, the Americas, and Africa (1492-1750)
Why did Spanish explorers travel to the Americas? How were the Spanish able to conquer the Aztec Empires?
Spanish explorers traveled to the Americas to:
- find riches
- to convert people to Christianity

14. The Spanish conquer Mexico
Hernan Cortes landed on the coast of Mexico in 1519
-- in 1521, Cortes conquers Tenochtitlan
. . . With about 600 men, 16 horses, 6 canons and with the help of “la Malinche”

15. Reasons for victory:
1- Superior technology; horses; Spanish muskets & canons; metal helmets & armor protected the Spanish from the Indians’ arrows & spears
2 – Native Americans allied w/the Spanish
3 – Disease wiped out the Indian population

16. Remaking the Americas:
Spanish introduced new forms of gov’t, religion, economy, and culture to the Americas; New social structures developed
Spain kept strict control over their colonies; Catholic Church helped run the gov’t; Indians were converted to Christianity
Encomienda: grants of land given to the Spaniards where Indians were used as slave labor.
Indians were forced to work on sugar plantations since sugarcane became a large business
Spanish brought slaves from Africa to do the work since many Indians were dying

17. Global Changes
How did European exploration lead to a global exchange? What economic changes occurred in Europe in s?
A global exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and technology began. Since this exchange started w/Columbus, it is called the Columbian Exchange.

18. From the Americas TO Europe, Africa, Asia:
silver, gold
dyes
tobacco
cotton
beans
peanut
squash
pumpkin
turkey
vanilla
hides
potatoes* (Peru)
sweet potato
Cacao beans
maize (corn)
tomato
pineapple
chili pepper
avocado

19. From Europe, Africa, Asia TO the Americas :
wheat, rice, barley, oats, coffee
banana
onion
grape (wine)
dandelion
citrus fruits
sugar cane
cattle, horse, goat, sheep, chicken, cat, dog, goose, rabbit, pig
honey bee
smallpox, influenza, malaria, measles
hoe, scissors

20. Economic Impact and Competion
The increase of trade w/colonies encouraged European capitalism:
-- investment of $$$
* European nations adopted a new policy:
mercantilism: dominated economic thought in the 17th century; the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver – mother country benefited from the colonies’ $; colonies were used to support mother country w/ raw materials & to buy its goods

21. The Spice Trade
Why were Europeans and Muslims traders so interested in Southeast Asia?
* the growing spice trade resulted in the creation of an Islamic trade network
*the Moluccas were known as the Spice Islands
* spice trade was extremely profitable
* 1600 – the Dutch begins to control the spice trade by limiting the cultivation of clove to one island and stop others from growing it
* spices: clove, pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg