2. Earliest Americans came from land bridge over the Bering Straits Estimates say by 1492 were 54 million people in the Americas!! I CAN EXPLAIN THE MOVEMENT OF NATIVE PEOPLES TO THE AMERICAS

3. I CAN IDENTIFY THE THREE MAJOR NATIVE CIVILIZATIONS IN THE AMERICA’S

4. Corn planting allowed civilization of the North American continent MAJOR CIVILIZATIONS I CAN IDENTIFY THE THREE MAJOR NATIVE CIVILIZATIONS IN THE AMERICA’S

5. Located in present day New York area Led by leader Hiawatha Developed the Iroquois Confederacy I CAN DESCRIBE THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY

6. Early discoverers of the Americas included the Norsemen from Scandinavia Settled in area presently known as Newfoundland, but they called it Vinland Most famous Viking explorer was Leif Ericson I CAN EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF THE NORSEMEN ON AMERICAN HISTORY

7. Christian Crusades created a taste for Asian goods Marco Polo (Prince of Liars) went to China and stayed for 20 years and told of coals, silk, and fireworks The Renaissance--means a rebirth of learning. Peak was 1400s I CAN LIST 3 THINGS THAT ENCOURAGED EXPLORATION

8. Portugal first country to encourage trading and exploration and spurred on by Prince Henry the Navigator Traveled to the tip of Africa Traveled around the southern tip of Africa I CAN EXPLAIN PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION AND ITS EFFECTS

9. Spain Portugal Authorized the Pope to divide the New World with the Line of Demarcation Eastern half went to Portugal Western half went to Spain I CAN IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

10. Leaders of Spain that united Spain with good leadership and money Sponsored Christopher Columbus in 1492 I CAN IDENTIFY THE IMPACT OF FERDINAND AND ISABELLA OF SPAIN

11. Sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain Traveled with 3 ships: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria Landed in San Salvador and mistakenly called the natives Indians and because of this the Bahamas becomes known as the West Indies I CAN ASSESS THE IMPACT OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ON THE NEW WORLD

12. * Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes * Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine * Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO * Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphilis * Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice * Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley * Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats * Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE * Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox * Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria * Diphtheria * Whooping Cough Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa I CAN IDENTIFY THE BACKGROUND AND GOODS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

13. 1.Balboa 2.Ferdinand Magellan 3.Ponce de Leon 4.Coronado 5.Hernando de Soto 6.Pizzaro 7.Hernando Cortes I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

14. Spanish conqueror who first saw the Pacific Ocean Named it the South Sea I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

15. First man to circumnavigate the world Started with 5 ships and 260 people, came back with one ship and 17 people Killed by natives in the Philippines I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

16. While looking for gold and silver and the “fountain of youth” he discovered Florida I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

17. Heard of the “7 Cities of Gold” Discovered the Grand Canyon I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

18. 1 st to find the Mississippi River and nicknamed it the “Father of Waters” I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

19. Conquered the Inca’s in Peru I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

20. Conquered the Aztecs of Mexico I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

21. Aztec leader when the Spanish arrived Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan -- Aztec capital, today it is called Mexico City

22. System of forced labor the Spanish forced brutally upon the Native Americans I CAN DESCRIBE THE ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

23. First permanent Spanish settlement in the United States I CAN IDENTIFY THE FIRST MAJOR SPANISH SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA

24. Misconception that all the Spanish did was rob, rape, and kill the Natives In reality, they clothed, educated, married, converted Natives I CAN DESCRIBE THE IDEA OF THE “BLACK LEGEND”

25. Conquistador who abused and conquered the Pueblo Indians in New Mexico I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

26. Conquistador who discovered the coast of California I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

27. Explorer of Spanish decent who gave England a claim to the New World I CAN LIST THE INDIVIDUALS THAT MADE NEW WORLD CLAIMS FOR ENGLAND AND FRANCE

28. Explorer who gave France its first claim to the New World I CAN LIST THE INDIVIDUALS THAT MADE NEW WORLD CLAIMS FOR ENGLAND AND FRANCE

29. Discovered the St. Lawrence River for France I CAN LIST THE INDIVIDUALS THAT MADE NEW WORLD CLAIMS FOR ENGLAND AND FRANCE

30. Started Quebec in 1608 Quebec was the first French settlement in the New World I CAN LIST THE INDIVIDUALS THAT MADE NEW WORLD CLAIMS FOR ENGLAND AND FRANCE

31. Man for whom America is named Told cartographers that the new land was bigger than anyone realized…a new continent perhaps