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II. Portugal and Spain
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A. Prince Henry the Navigator
Prince Henry – Rich son of the King of Portugal Wanted to help Portugal obtain the riches of Asia
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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B. Henry’s 3 Goals 1 – Start an African Crusade and spread Christianity 2 – Take control of the slave trade 3 – Find an all water route to Asia
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Henry the Navigator? Henry never navigated one ship in his life
1419 – Creates navigation school for mapmakers, shipbuilders, and captains
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C. Portugal’s Explorers
Bartolameu Dias – First European to sail around the tip of Africa Proved that water at the Equator did not boil Wanted to sail to India but ran low on food and supplies
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D.Vasco de Gama First European to sail to India
Returned home with ships full of spices, silks, and jewels Much faster and safer than overland travel
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E. Columbus Sails the Ocean Blue
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1492 – Columbus convinces Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage
Enterprise of the Indies – Goal was to find an all water route to Asia across the Atlantic Ocean
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August 1492 – Columbus left Spain with the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
October 1492 – Columbus’s fleet lands in the Caribbean – San Salvador – Name Columbus gives this new land
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Columbus’s Four Voyages
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Columbus believed that he had reached the West Indies
He mistakenly calls the natives Indians because he believes he is in India Columbus returns to the “new world” three more times Dies not knowing he discovered a new continent
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F. Result of Columbus’s Voyages
Columbian Exchange – Global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas
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3 Main Results 1 – Caused a major change to Europeans’ diets
Introduction of potatoes vastly changed the diets of poor people living in Europe
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2 – Introduction of horses and cattle alters the lifestyle of Native Americans
Before the introduction of horse most native tribes were not nomadic
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3 – Introduction of European diseases
Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases Results in the death of million of natives Destroys entire tribes and cultures
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The “Columbian Exchange”
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough
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