BELL WORK 04/02/15 Turn in Bell Work After the end of the Revolutionary War, states were eager to expand into newly available territory. The states of New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia argued over competing claims to land west of the Appalachian Mountains. This conflict was addressed by the — F. Missouri Compromise G. Wilmot Proviso H. Northwest Ordinance J. Kansas-Nebraska Act Turn in Bell Work

The Civil War

About the War Both sides felt that their cause was just. The south believed that the north was trampling on its rights. They were fighting to preserve the southern way of life.The north felt that the south had no right to leave the union. They fought to preserve the Union. Each side, though, thought that the war would only last a few weeks at the longest. In the beginning of the war, abolishing slavery was NOT a goal of the north.

They thought it would be over quickly – 90 day enlistments in the North – it lasted 4 years. North had advantages at the start

Reasons for Fighting North To save the Union To abolish slavery – not an official goal at the start of the war South To leave the Union To keep their way of life, including slavery The war for Southern Independence

Border States 7 states seceded in 1860 4 more quickly joined – Virginia, N. Carolina, Tennessee & Arkansas 4 slave states stayed in the Union – Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware & Missouri – not universally supported – attacks on troops – martial law in Maryland

Dividing the Nation

North & South

Northern strengths & weaknesses large population - food production & military service. most of the nation’s factories. strong navy and a large fleet of merchant ships. had to conquer a huge area. invading unfamiliar land. Long Union supply lines

Southern strengths & weaknesses a strong reason to fight. knew the southern countryside. Southern civilians helped the Confederate forces. few factories few networked railroads The Confederate constitution favored states’ rights and limited the central government. -difficult to get things done. small population compared to the North. few ships.

The War’s Leaders Jefferson Davis Confederate President attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point was an officer in the Mexican War was Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce was respected for his honesty and courage

The War’s Leaders Abraham Lincoln Union President limited experience in national politics no military experience turned out to be a strong leader and fine war planner had a sense of humor could accept criticism

Confederate Commander Robert E. Lee Lincoln had asked him to command the Union army was loyal to his state of Virginia

No Easy Victory

No Easy Victory Plan for victory of each side No quick end to the war. Confederate victories Union victories

Union Plan for Victory First Plan – The Anaconda Plan – strangle the south into submission by cutting off its supply lines. This plan was ambitious but would be slow. It was modified by adding land attacks

Union Strategies for Winning Use the navy to blockade southern ports. In the East, seize Richmond, the Confederate capital. In the West, seize control of the Mississippi River. Prevent use of the river to supply troops Separate Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana from the rest of the Confederacy.

Confederate Strategies Fight a defensive war until northerners tired of fighting and gave up. They hoped that the war would become unpopular and Lincoln would have to end it. Use European money and supplies to help fight the war. They expected Europeans to recognize the Confederacy (but none did). South is on Defense North is on Offense

No Quick End to the War Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Lincoln sent troops to attack Richmond. Union and Confederate troops clashed at Bull Run. Union troops retreated. Lincoln appoints General George McClellan to be the new commander. Troops need to be trained Union commander McDowell is replaced by McClellan http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/firstmanassas/first-manassas-maps/bull-run-animated-map/bull-run-animated-map.html http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/antietam/maps/antietam-animated-map.html

No Quick End to the War Richmond March 1862 McClellan trains troops and moved toward Richmond. Lincoln can’t send more troops south Union is reluctant to fight McClellan retreats He turns out to be too cautious. Robert E. Lee attacks Stonewall Jackson goes north to threaten Washington, D.C.

Naval Action Blockade of southern ports becomes effective – trade drops by more than 90%. Confederates develop an ironclad ship from an abandoned Union warship.

Naval Action Confederates covered the Merrimack, with iron plates and renamed it the Virginia. It was later sunk when the Union captured Norfolk. The Union also built an ironclad, the Monitor. The Virginia and the Monitor fought each other.

Battle of Antietam Sept 1862 Hoping for a southern victory on northern soil, Lee marched into Maryland. McClellan learned of Confederate plans, but was slow to attack. At last, the two sides met. Both sides suffered great losses. 87,000 Union forces (12,400 killed or wounded) 45,000 Confederate (10,300 killed or wounded)

Battle of Antietam Sept 1862 No clear victory for either side. Lee retreats- Union claims victory Because Lee withdrew, northern morale was raised. Lincoln replaced the cautious McClellan with Ambrose Burnside.

Confederate Victories in the East Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862 VIDEO

Confederate Victories Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862 Lee’s forces met Burnside’s army. Lee’s forces dug into the crest of a hill. As Union troops charged, they have to cross an open area & then climb uphill into waiting Confederate forces. Confederate guns mowed them down.

Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862 One of the Union’s worst defeats Troops Union: 115,000 Confederate: 78,000 Casualties (killed, wounded /missing /captured)): Union: 12,600 Confederate: 5,300

Confederate Victories Battle of Chancellorsville May 1863 Lee, aided by Stonewall Jackson, outmaneuvered Union forces in a thickly wooded area. Lee and Jackson defeated the Union troops in a three-day battle. Jackson is shot by mistake and dies several days later.

Union Victories in the West February 1862 - Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant captured two Tennessee forts - Henry & Donelson. They gain control of two tributaries of the Mississippi.

Union Victories in the West Battle of Shiloh April 6–7, 1862 2 day battle - General Ulysses S Grant loses ground on day 1 Confederate forces surprise Grant and drive him back toward the river. With the aid of fresh troops, Grant beat back the Confederates. The Union wins control of the Tennessee River. 20,000 Casualties Battle of New Orleans April 1862 Union gunboats captured New Orleans. Other ships captured Memphis, Tennessee. The Union now controlled both ends of the Mississippi and the South can no longer use the river as a supply line.

9. nicknames

Choosing Sides Map- Pg 92 Color the Union States Color the Confederate Color the Border States Color the states that joined the nation AFTER April 1861 Color the territories Draw a border line between the CSA and the USA