INCREMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES (IIAL) IN ALL SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOL Presentation to the South African Principal’s Association 27 August 2013

PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. Purpose of the presentation The objectives of the IIAL Language selection for FAL Consultation process Implications for implementation of IIAL Variables that influence implementation Options for implementation Recommendations

THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENTATION To update the NCF on progress towards the implementation of the IIAL

THE OBJECTIVES OF IIAL To improve proficiency in and utility of the previously marginalised African languages (at First Additional Language level); raise confidence of parents to choose their own languages; To increase access to languages by all learners, beyond English and Afrikaans; To promote social cohesion and expand opportunities for the development of African languages as a significant part of preserving heritage and cultures.

LANGUAGE SELECTION FOR FAL 1 Xitsonga 2 *Nguni languages IsiZulu, IsiXhosa, IsiNdebele and Siswati 3 *Sotho languages Sepedi, Setswana and Sesotho 4 Tshivenda 5 Afrikaans All learners are compelled to offer English – as FAL or HL All learners will be compelled to offer a second FAL, which should be an African language from the above provision *The terms “Nguni” and “Sotho” are used solely for the purpose of this presentation

LANGUAGE SELECTION FOR FAL cont… HEDCOM has agreed that IIAL should focus on introducing the previously marginalized African languages.

PLAN FOR CONSULTATION Stakeholder Groupings Progress HEDCOM Consultation done; Policy endorsed and recommended to CEM for approval. CEM Approved further consultation NCF Presentations made and discussions are ongoing Broader public and civil society Draft policy will be released for public comment Organized Labour (NAPTOSA, SAOU, SADTU, NATU) Presentation made and discussions held Education Portfolio Committee Presentation on 11 June 2013 PanSALB and Afrikaanse Taalraad Meeting on 22 July 2013

THE IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IIAL Areas that have implications Responsibility Timeframe Progress Time allocation Branch T Sept 2013 The document has been prepared for discussion with the ELRC Post provisioning model DBE and provinces are working on a Post Provisioning model Orientation of teachers to teach African languages at FAL level Oct 2013 FP CAPS orientation took place in 2011. Orientation for pilot schools are planned. LTSM – primary teaching and learning support materials – workbooks and textbooks Branch C Currently available FAL Workbooks are available for all languages – Grade 1 -3 National Catalogue of textbooks developed for Grades 1-3 which includes IsiZulu FAL. LTSM (phonics programme, readers, posters, etc) can be utilised for both HL and FAL. Special call for submission from publishers– FAL readers and textbooks in African languages. Discussion with African language providers are being convened Initial teacher training HEIs Ongoing Funza Lushaka Bursary targets FP and African languages teachers. UKZN has made isiZulu a compulsory subject for all under-graduate students Financial implications Branch P & C The branch is putting in a bid to National Treasury for funding the IIAL.

THE IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IIAL Areas that have implications Responsibility Timeframe Progress Availability of teachers to teach an African language in Grade 1 Branch T and Provinces Nov 2013 DBE conducted an audit. Results show that provinces are at varying levels of teacher provision. Four provinces (FS, LP, NC and KZN) have provided African Language teachers in all former Model C schools; Two provinces (MP;GP) have teachers in some schools; EC and NW have put plans in place to provide the teachers for African languages; In WC schools share a African language teacher. DBE and provinces are working on a model to ensure incremental provision of African language teachers in grades that are implementing IIAL. HEI guarantee to upscale training of teachers to Grade 12 Branch T/ DHET Ongoing DBE has flagged the training of African Language teacher training with HEIs and in August 2013 the issue will be on the agenda for the colloquium. Currently the Funza Lushaka bursary programme has prioritized recruitment of FP African language students for training. Classes being taught by one teacher in the FP Branch C Provinces will have to appoint an African Language teachers to teach at FAL level.

VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE IMPLEMENTATION Four variables influence implementation of IIAL: Variable one: Number of schools that currently do not offer an African language (3 738 schools country-wide) Variable two: Number of Grade R and Grade one classes that do not currently do not offer an African language (Grade R: 5062 classes; Grade one: 8321 classes) Variable three: Teacher availability and expertise to teach an African language to Grade R and Grade 1 learners. Variable four: Distance between schools

Variables One and Two Provincial Summary of Classes and Schools that are not offering an African Language

PROVINCIAL SUMMARY OF CLASSES AND SCHOOLS THAT ARE NOT OFFERING AN AFRICAN LANGUAGE PROVINCE Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools EASTERN CAPE 625 868 508 FREE STATE 150 301 147 GAUTENG 1116 2369 682 KZN 731 1138 686 LIMPOPO 220 287 245 MPUMALANGA 238 397 184 NORTHERN CAPE 288 458 29 NORTH WEST 151 298 260 WESTERN CAPE 1543 2205 817 Grand Total 5062 8321  3738

Variables One and Two: Summary of Classes and Schools (Districts)

EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools EASTERN CAPE   BUTTERWORTH 20 19 15 COFIMVABA 14 CRADOCK 26 34 24 DUTYWA 11 EAST LONDON 60 96 56 FORT BEAUFORT 25 16 GRAAFF-REINET 47 64 33 GRAHAMSTOWN 9 KING WILLIAMS TOWN LADY FRERE 2 LIBODE 42 46 40

EASTERN CAPE Cont… PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools LUSIKISIKI 11 15 MALUTI 9   MBIZANA 3 2 MT FLETCHER MT FRERE 10 8 MTHATA 59 67 49 NGCOBO 18 19 PORT ELIZABETH 110 207 61 QUEENSTOWN 26 29 23 QUMBU 7 STERKSPRUIT 21 17 UITENHAGE 82 128 58  GRAND TOTAL 625 868 508

FREE STATE PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools FEZILE DABI 37 54 21 LEJWELEPUTSWA 61 30 MOTHEO 49 119 THABO MOFUTSANYANA 18 36 XHARIEP 25 31 22   GRAND TOTAL 150 301 147

GAUTENG PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools EKURHULENI NORTH 78 204 55 EKURHULENI SOUTH 49 227 51 GAUTENG EAST 63 112 30 GAUTENG NORTH 28 36 10 GAUTENG WEST 132 214 61 JOHANNESBURG CENTRAL 122 221 92 JOHANNESBURG EAST 81 JOHANNESBURG NORTH 99 205 64 JOHANNESBURG SOUTH 75 169 50 JOHANNESBURG WEST 59 153 SEDIBENG EAST 67 22 SEDIBENG WEST 31 56 16 TSHWANE NORTH 108 TSHWANE SOUTH 163 279 TSHWANE WEST 45 104 GRAND TOTAL 1116 2369 682

KWAZULU-NATAL Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools AMAJUBA 35 47 31 ILEMBE 38 46 34 PINETOWN 182 251 23 PORT SHEPSTONE 60 49 SISONKE 20 26 22 UMGUNGUNDLOVU 59 125 67 UMKHANYAKUDE 9 13 UMLAZI 245 417 191 UMZINYATHI 11 25 17 UTHUKELA 45 57 UTHUNGULU 30 33 ZULULAND 43 GRAND TOTAL 731 1138 686

LIMPOPO PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools CENTRAL CAPRICORN 31 37 LEBOWAKGOMO 3 9 10 EASTERN   MOPANI 13 16 12 TZANEEN 5 NORTH EASTERN 6 NORTHERN 2

LIMPOPO Cont… PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools TSHIPISE SAGOLE 46 48 42 VHEMBE 26 28 71 SOUTHERN   RIBA CROSS 6 4 SEKHUKHUNE 9 12 18 WESTERN MOGALAKWENA 2 11 13 WATERBERG 22 41 GRAND TOTAL 220 287 245

MPUMALANGA PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools BOHLABELA 40 43 35 EHLANZENI 33 72 30 GERT SIBANDE 84 167 63 NKANGALA 81 115 56 GRAND TOTAL 238 397 184

NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools FRANCES BAARD 82 95 34 JOHN TAOLE GAETSEWE 10 90 12 NAMAQUA 56 70 54 PIXLEY KA SEME 46 SIYANDA 86 121 63 GRAND TOTAL 288 458 29

NORTH WEST PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools BOJANALA LETLHABILE   1 MADIBENG 15 30 13 MORETELE 4 5 3 MOSES KOTANE EAST 6 MOSES KOTANE WEST 2 8 RUSTENBURG 27 45 DR KENNETH KAUNDA MATLOSANA 34 59 20 POTCHEFSTROOM 7 39 16 MAQUASSI HILLS 10

NORTH WEST Cont… PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools DR RUTH SEGOMOTSI MOMPATI 5 8   GREATER DELAREYVILLE 2 3 GREATER TAUNG 11 7 KAGISANO MOLOPO 9 TALEDI 21 111 NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA KGETLENG LICHTENBURG 14 MAFIKENG 16 22 13 REKOPANTSWE 6 ZEERUST 10 GRAND TOTAL 151 298 260

WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools CAPE WINELANDS 314 349 180 EDEN AND CENTRAL KAROO 178 270 121 METRO CENTRAL 244 326 132 METRO EAST 113 216 53 METRO NORTH 230 394 108 METRO SOUTH 277 380 112 OVERBERG 64 96 16 WEST COAST 123 174 95  GRAND TOTAL 1543 2205 817 OVERALL TOTAL ( All Provinces) 5062 8321 3738

VARIABLE FOUR: DISTANCES BETWEEN SCHOOLS Province Average number of kilometres between schools minimum maximum 1 Western Cape 0.5 3.1 2 Eastern Cape 0.4 9.3 3 Northern Cape 0.9 42.2 4 KZN 0.6 8 5 Free State 14.7 6 Gauteng 0.3 3.9 7 North West 0.7 10.3 Mpumalanga 2.1 5.5 9 Limpopo 0.2 21.6

VARIABLE FOUR: DISTANCES BETWEEN SCHOOLS With the exception of Limpopo and Northern Cape which have a higher maximum average distance between schools, all the other provinces are within reasonable travelling distance for the utilisation of itinerant teachers. This model could be explored by provinces

PROVISIONING OF ITINERANT TEACHERS (PROVINCE) Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools  Total schools Model: I teacher: 3 schools EASTERN CAPE 625 868 508 170 FREE STATE 150 301 147 48 GAUTENG 1116 2369 682 225 KZN 731 1138 686 192 LIMPOPO 220 287 245 82 MPUMALANGA 238 397 184 62 NORTHERN CAPE 288 458 29 209 69* NORTH WEST 151 298 260 87 WESTERN CAPE 1543 2205 817  817 277 Grand Total 5062 8321  3738 3738 1212 * The model may not be workable in provinces such as NC where the distances between schools are great

Provisioning of Itinerant Teachers (Districts)

EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE AND DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools EASTERN CAPE   BUTTERWORTH 20 19 15 5 COFIMVABA 14 CRADOCK 26 34 24 8 DUTYWA 11 4 EAST LONDON 60 106 56 FORT BEAUFORT 25 16 GRAAFF-REINET 47 64 33 GRAHAMSTOWN 9 KING WILLIAMS TOWN 6 LADY FRERE 2 1 LIBODE 42 46 40 13

EASTERN CAPE CONT… DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools LUSIKISIKI 11 15 4 MALUTI 9 3 MBIZANA 2 1 MT FLETCHER MT FRERE 10 8 MTHATA 59 67 49 16 NGCOBO 18 19 6 PORT ELIZABETH 110 207 61 20 QUEENSTOWN 26 29 23 QUMBU 7 STERKSPRUIT 21 17 UITENHAGE 82 128 58   625 868 508 170

FREE STATE DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools FEZILE DABI 37 54 21 7 LEJWELEPUTSWA 61 30 10 MOTHEO 49 119 12 THABO MOFUTSANYANA 18 26 XHARIEP 25 31 22   150 301 147 48

GAUTENG DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools EKURHULENI NORTH 78 204 55 18 EKURHULENI SOUTH 49 227 51 17 GAUTENG EAST 63 112 30 10 GAUTENG NORTH 28 36 3 GAUTENG WEST 132 214 61 20 JOHANNESBURG CENTRAL 122 221 92 31 JOHANNESBURG EAST 81

GAUTENG CONT… DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools JOHANNESBURG NORTH 99 105 64 21 JOHANNESBURG SOUTH 75 169 50 17 JOHANNESBURG WEST 59 153 SEDIBENG EAST 36 67 22 7 SEDIBENG WEST 31 56 16 5 TSHWANE NORTH 55 108 10 TSHWANE SOUTH 163 279 61 20 TSHWANE WEST 45 104 28 9 Grand total 1116 2369 682 225

KWAZULU-NATAL DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools AMAJUBA 35 47 31 10 ILEMBE 38 46 34 11 PINETOWN 182 151 23 8 PORT SHEPSTONE 60 49 16 SISONKE 20 26 22 UMGUNGUNDLOVU 59 125 67

KWA-ZULU NATAL CONT… DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools UMKHANYAKUDE 9 13 31 10 UMLAZI 245 417 191 64 UMZINYATHI 11 25 17 6 UTHUKELA 45 57 35 12 UTHUNGULU 30 46 33 ZULULAND 23 43 14 Grand total 731 1138 686 192

LIMPOPO DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools CENTRAL   CAPRICORN 31 37 10 LEBOWAKGOMO 3 9 EASTERN MOPANI 13 16 12 4 TZANEEN 5 NORTH EASTERN 6 2 NORTHERN 1

LIMPOPO CONT… DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools TSHIPISE SAGOLE 46 48 42 14 VHEMBE 26 28 71 24 SOUTHERN   RIBA CROSS 6 4 2 SEKHUKHUNE 9 12 18 WESTERN MOGALAKWENA 11 13 WATERBERG 22 41 7  Grand total 220 287 245 82

MPUMALANGA DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools BOHLABELA 40 43 35 12 EHLANZENI 33 72 30 10 GERT SIBANDE 84 167 63 21 NKANGALA 81 115 56 19 Grand total  238 397 184 62

NORTHERN CAPE DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools FRANCES BAARD 83 95 34 11 JOHN TAOLE GAETSEWE 10 90 12 4 NAMAQUA 56 70 54 18 PIXLEY KA SEME 82 46 15 SIYANDA 86 121 63 21 Grand total 288 458 29 69

NORTH WEST DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools BOJANALA   LETLHABILE 1 MADIBENG 15 30 13 4 MORETELE 5 3 MOSES KOTANE EAST 6 2 MOSES KOTANE WEST 8 RUSTENBURG 27 45 DR KENNETH KAUNDA MATLOSANA 34 59 20 7 POTCHEFSTROOM 39 16 Maquassi Hills 10

NORTH WEST CONT… DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools DR RUTH SEGOMOTSI MOMPATI   GREATER DELAREYVILLE 2 3 1 GREATER TAUNG 5 11 7 KAGISANO MOLOPO 9 4 TALEDI 21 111 37 NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA KGETLENG LICHTENBURG 14 MAFIKENG 16 22 13 REKOPANTSWE 6 ZEERUST 10  Grand total 151 298 260 87

WESTERN CAPE DISTRICT Grade R classes Grade 1 classes No of schools No of roving teachers on 1-Teacher 3 Schools CAPE WINELANDS 314 349 180 60 EDEN AND CENTRAL KAROO 178 270 121 40 METRO CENTRAL 244 326 132 44 METRO EAST 113 216 53 18 METRO NORTH 230 394 108 36 METRO SOUTH 277 380 112 37 OVERBERG 64 96 16 5 WEST COAST 123 174 95 Grand total 1543 2205 817 Overall Total for all provinces 5062 8321 3738 1212

OPTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION

OPTION 1: IMPLEMENTATION IN ALL GRADES R-1 CLASSES IN ALL SCHOOLS PROS CONS 3 738 schools countrywide will implement IIAL; FAL CAPS for Grade R needs to be developed 5062 Grade R classes and 8321 Grade One classes will implement IIAL Grade R FAL LTSM needs to be developed Teachers with expertise in teaching African languages Grade R and Grade 1 will have to be sourced

OPTION 2: IMPLEMENTATION IN ALL GRADE 1 CLASSES IN ALL SCHOOLS PROS CONS 8321 Grade one classes will implement IIAL Time to finalize extension of school day maybe limited Fewer teachers required than if combined with Grade R Time to secure teachers may be limited if implementation is to begin in 2014 Itinerant teacher model could be explored All LTSM is in place

OPTION 3: PILOT IN GRADES R-1 CLASSES IN TEN (10) SCHOOLS PER DISTRICT PROS CONS Smaller number of classes to manage FAL CAPS for Grade R needs to be developed More focused monitoring to inform full scale implementation Grade R FAL LTSM needs to be developed Teacher recruitment and training will be more manageable LTSM for Grade 1 is in place

OPTION 4: PILOT IN GRADES 1 CLASSES IN TEN (10) SCHOOLS PER DISTRICT PROS CONS Pilot will be more focused- smaller number of schools Ten schools per district could mean varying numbers in each province eg in EC = 230 schools. LTSM for Grade 1 is in place Subject advisors would have to include intensive monitoring of the pilot as part of their programme Smaller number of teachers required

OPTION 5: PILOT IN 10 SCHOOLS IN GRADE 1 PER PROVINCE PROS CONS Small number of teachers to be sourced for the pilot More focused monitoring and feedback to inform full implementation: language scenarios that prevail teacher availability and terms of employment eg itinerant/ part-time utilization of LTSM time – extension of school day LTSM in Grade 1 is in place Pilot in Grade 1 only will allow more time for preparation for Grade R FAL CAPS and LTSM and the full implementation Grade 1 in 2015

Option Preferences by Provinces At the HEDCOM of 7-8 July 2013 five options were presented for consideration : Implementation in all grades R-1 classes in all schools Implementation in all grade 1 classes in all schools Pilot in grades R-1 classes in ten (10) schools per district Pilot in grades 1 classes in ten (10) schools per district Pilot in 10 schools in grade 1 per province

Option Preferences by Provinces The pros and cons for each option were discussed and provinces engaged with the presentation. All provinces agreed on the options to pilot in Grade 1 in 2014. Provinces discussed their preferred options and confirmed with DBE after HEDCOM.

Option Preferences by Provinces Option 4: 10 pilot schools per District Option 5: 10 pilot schools per province PROVINCE OPTION PREFERENCE NUMBER OF SCHOOLS Eastern Cape Option 4 ( amended) Approximately 124-134 schools Free State Option 5 10 schools across the province Gauteng Option 5 (amended) 11 schools Kwa-Zulu Natal 10 schools Limpopo Northern Cape Option 4 10 schools in 5 districts: 50 schools North West Mpumalanga 10 schools in 2 districts: 20 schools Western Cape 10 schools

Option Preferences by Provinces Cont… During the CEM meeting of 1-2 August 2013, provinces agreed to re-assess the number of schools that will participate in the IIAL pilot in 2014. Many provinces are in favour of bringing the number of participating schools closer to ten per district. That is 860 schools – 10 schools per district.

Provincial information for the pilot In preparation for the implementation of the IIAL pilot in 2014, provinces are requested to provide DBE with the following information: Names of primary schools that will take part in the pilot (Grade 1) Province District School (name and physical address) Principal (including contacts)

Preparation for IIAL pilot in 2014 Cont… 2. Language offering in a school Which language(s) are used as LoLT Which language is currently offered at FAL level Which African language(s) will be offered at FAL level 3. Number of learners according to language offering Estimation number of learners who will be offering a particular language at FAL level

Preparation for IIAL pilot in 2014 Cont… 4. Teacher supply and provisioning Will participating schools Utilise teachers from an existing staff establishment Retrain teachers Appoint new teachers Utilise an itinerant teacher (2 or 3 schools)

Preparation for IIAL pilot in 2014 Cont… 5. Professional development and training Are teachers qualified to teach an African language Are there teachers who require training in African languages 6. LTSM procurement and provisioning Indicate plans for LTSM procurement and provisioning

WHO CAN DOUBT THE IMPORTANCE OF ONE’S OWN LANGUAGE ? “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” - Nelson Mandela

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