Revolts in Latin America Chapter 4 Section 3

Focus Question Chapter 4.3 Who were the key revolutionaries that led the movements for independence in Latin America, and what were their accomplishments?

Video Watch the following video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBw35Ze3bg8

Latin America (year indicates date of independence from Spain

Latin America By late 1700s, revolutionary fever had spread to Latin America where social system led to discontent Spanish born peninsulares, the highest social class, dominated the government and the Church Many creoles—Latin Americans of European descent who owned the haciendas, ranches, and mines—resented their second-class status Mestizos, people of Native American and European descent, and mulattoes, people of African and European descent, were angry at being denied the status, wealth, and power that the other groups enjoyed

Peninsulares

Creoles Latin Americans of European descent

Mestizos Children of Native American and European parents

Mulattoes People of African and European descent

Latin American Revolutions The Enlightenment and the French and American Revolutions inspired creoles, but they were reluctant to act However, when Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808, Latin American leaders decided to demand independence from Spain

Spain

Hispaniola Revolution erupted in Hispaniola in 1791 when Toussaint L’Ouverture led a slave rebellion there Fighting cost many lives, but the rebels achieved their goal of abolishing slavery and taking control of the island Napoleon’s army tried to reconquer the island but failed In 1804, the island declared itself independent under the name Haiti

Hispaniola The island of Hispaniola is shared by two countries – Haiti and the Dominican Republic. These are among the poorest nations in the world today.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Haiti

Haiti

Mexico In 1810, a creole priest, Father Miguel Hidalgo, called Mexicans to fight for independence After some successes, he was captured and executed Father Jose Morelos tried to carry the revolution forward but he too was captured and killed Successful independence finally came in 1821 when Mexican revolutionaries led by Agustin de Iturbide overthrew the Spanish viceroy and declared independence Central American colonies also declared their independence

Mexico

Video Watch the following brief video about Mexican independence: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFNHayrnav8

South America In the early 1800s, discontent spread across South America Simón Bolívar led an uprising in Venezuela Conservative forces toppled his new republic, but Bolívar did not give up In a grueling campaign, he marched his army across the Andes, swooping down into Bogotá and seizing the city from the Spanish Then he move south to free Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

Andes Mountains

Simón Bolívar

Videos – Simón Bolivar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBw35Ze3bg8

South America

South America There, he joined forces with another great leader, Jose de San Martin San Martin helped Argentina and Chile win freedom from Spain Wars of independence ended in 1824, but power struggles among South American leaders led to destructive civil wars In Brazil, Dom Pedro, the son of the Portuguese king, became emperor and proclaimed independence for Brazil in 1822 against Portugal

José de San Martín

Powerpoint Questions 1. People of Latin American and African descent were called ______. 2. I was born in Spain but I live in South America. I am a member of the highest social class. Who am I? 3. My grandparents were born in Europe but I live in Latin America. My parents own a wealthy ranch but I resent my “second-class” status in society. I am a __________. 4. My grandfather, a European, married a Native American princess, my grandmother. I am a _______. 5. Who invaded Spain in 1808?

Powerpoint Questions 6. What is the name of the island that is divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic? 7. Who led a slave rebellion in Haiti? 8. Who was the creole priest in Mexico that encouraged Mexicans to fight for independence? 9. Who was the second Mexican priest that continued the Mexican fight for independence? 10. Who led an uprising against the Spanish in Venezuela? 11. What three countries were liberated after Venezuela? (3 points)

Powerpoint Questions 12. Who helped liberate Chile and Argentina from Spanish rule? 13. “I am the son of the Portuguese king. I helped Brazil declare and achieve independence against Portugal in 1822”. I am _________.