1. Chapter 20 Unit 3 Jordyn Brown, Karen Tran, Naja Watkins, Kelli Omerbashi, Josh Soleim, Bryant Carter, Wesley Cook, Ethan Robison, Lane Wiliams & Sarah Fiori

2. Peninsulare Who-spanish born people What- Members of the highest social class, European descent born in Spain Where- Latin America When- Late 1700s Why- Dominated Latin American political and social life, only they could hold top jobs in government and the church

3. Creole Who: European-descended Latin-Americans What: Born in Latin America, below the Peninsulares; Owned haciendas & mines Where: Latin America When: 1700’s Why: bitterly resented their 2 nd class status; started the Revolutions of Latin America

4. Mestizo Who: Native American and European descended people What: person with Native American parent & European parent Where: Latin America When:1700s why: were angry at being denied the same status, wealth and power as the Peninsulares, and the whites; suffered economic misery under the Spanish Peninsulares = they revolted too

5. Mulatto Who: People of African & American descent What: 1 African parent, 1 European; same social status as Mestizo Where: Latin America When: 1700’s Why: angry because they were being denied status, wealth and power available to whites; suffered economic misery under Spanish Peninsulares = revolution

6. Simon Bolivar Who: Young Creole, “The Liberator” What: led an uprising in Venezuela against Spanish rule Where: South America When: early 1800’s Why: traveled in Europe & was inspired by revolutionary ideas = returned to Venezuela, revolted & pushed out the Spanish = est. a Republic; encouraged other S. Am countries to revolt

7. Toussaint L’Ouverture Who: self-educated former Slave What: Brilliant general & Inspiring Commander that led the Haitian Revolution Where: Haiti When: 1798-1820 Why: created a force of former slaves & Mulattoes against French control = yellow fever & slave forces beat the French = slavery was abolished, Toussaint controlled the island = Haiti became a republic

8. Father Miguel Hidalgo Who: Creole Priest What: gave a speech “The Cry of Dolores” calling the Mexicans to fight for Independence Where: Latin America When: 1810 Why: he led mestizos & Native Am’s to fight for Mexican Independence- fought agnst slavery & better conditions for Native Ams = rebels faced opposition, was captured and executed.

9. Father Jose Morelos Who: Mestizo priest What: called for wide-ranging social & political reform & led rebels in Mexico When: 1811-1815 WherE: Mexico Why: he wanted better conditions for most Mexicans, abolish slavery, and give vote to all men = led rebel forces agnst Spanish in Mexico = captured & shot

10. Jose de San Martin Who: Creole, Argentine General/first president of Peru What: general, leader of the southern part of the South American army; joined Bolivar to liberate Argentina, Chile, & Peru When:1821-1850 Where: South America Why: helped Argentina, Chile, & Peru win independence from Spain; helped found the freedom of Peru, founded the Republic, protector of Peru

11. Dom Pedro Who: Brazilian Prince What: defeated the Brazilian Revolution, made himself King of Brazil Where: Brazil When: 1822-1889 Why: Revolution brought new leaders to Brazil & planned to abolish reforms, demanded he return to Portugal = refused to leave, eventually brought Brazil out of turmoil and made it a Republic.