The Cold War from 1945-1962 As you move through the PowerPoint, take notes on your timeline. Some topics also require reading excerpts from the textbook (as noted on your handout) or watching video clips. When you finish, analyze the primary documents on the back of the handout.

What was the Cold War? The Cold War was a period of intense hostility between the US and the USSR that stopped just short of actual war It lasted from 1945-1989

How did both sides try to become more powerful during the Cold War? Build Alliances Spread their ideas Acquire the most weapons (arms race) Win non-war competitions Space race, Sports (Olympics) Win proxy wars Korea, Afghanistan

The Iron Curtain In 1946, Winston Churchill gave a famous speech about the start of the Cold War He said that an “iron curtain” had fallen across Europe What do you think he meant by this? More information about the speech: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/churchill-delivers-iron-curtain-speech

Truman Doctrine (1947) The US states it will take responsibility for defending “free peoples who are resisting subjugation” throughout the world Often in the form of economic and military aid Why so significant? Think about America’s traditional foreign policy…

Marshall Plan (1948) Named after George Marshall, the US Secretary of State Gave billions of dollars to help Western Europe recover from the war Enacted to create a stable Europe, which would hopefully prevent any Communist political parties from becoming more popular

Containment The US wanted to prevent the spread of Communism by firm resistance This general policy of the US towards the USSR during the Cold War was called containment How do you think the Soviets viewed Truman and his policies? Images like this made Americans fearful of the threat of Communism

The First Problem of the Cold War: The Division of Germany Germany had been divided into 4 zones of occupation after the war Berlin, though in the Soviet section, had been divided, too In 1948, Stalin begins a blockade of West Berlin to try to force the West to give up control of that part of the city What should be done? Occupied Germany

The Solution: The Berlin Airlift Though a potentially dangerous situation, which could have escalated into war, the US responds with the Berlin Airlift, and flies plane-loads of supplies around the clock into West Berlin for over a year to support the West Berliners. Stalin eventually ends the blockade.                                      

1949: A Busy Year West and East Germany are officially divided. The USSR detonates its first atomic bomb—the arms race begins! Deterrence: Using the threat of a massive counter-strike to prevent an attack from an enemy; requires both sides to stockpile huge amounts of weapons

1949: A Busy Year A civil war in China is won by Communist forces A Western military alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is created

Results in a Climate of Fear… All of these changes result in a climate of fear. Watch this video clip to see how the US government tried to make kids feel safer during this time…enjoy  http://www.archive.org/details/DuckandC1951

Korean War (1950-53) North Korea invades South Korea to establish a Communist regime US sends troops to help the South The fighting results in a stalemate What is the significance?

1953-1955 Stalin dies and is replaced by Nikita Khrushchev The Warsaw Pact is created Most Eastern European states that are under Soviet influence (known as satellite states) join this military pact with the USSR Stalin dies and is replaced by Nikita Khrushchev

Sputnik Space Race During the Cold War, the two sides often competed in non-military ways The Soviet launch of Sputnik, the first satellite, launched the start of one such competition-the Space Race

Berlin Wall, 1961 Ordered by Nikita Khrushchev Built to stop flow of refugees to West Berlin Symbol of the Cold War Watch this video: http://www.history.com/topics/berlin-airlift/videos#berlin-wall-deconstructed http://www.newseum.org/cybernewseum/exhibits/berlin_wall/index.htm

You are the President of the United States, and a spy plane has just brought back this photo from a run over Cuba—which shows Soviet nuclear missiles--- what do you do?

Cuban Missile Crisis The Soviets supplied Cuba (a recent convert to Communism) with missiles that could hit the US Kennedy and Khrushchev succeed in defusing the situation through letters and a naval blockade VERY tense moment in the Cold War-perhaps the closest we came to nuclear war

By the 1980s, this is how the world was divided:

If you want to test your knowledge… Interactive Quizzes: http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/lessons/coldwar/truman_matchup.html